养老保险15年补缴:请高手帮我翻译成中文 急用

Surprisingly, the study of self-defeating influence behavior by leaders has received relatively little systematic
attention from social psychologists. A primary aim of the present paper, accordingly, is to address
this gap in our understanding. In particular, I examine some of the possible determinants and dynamics
of self-defeating influence behaviors by leaders. The paper is organized as follows. First, I offer a definition
of self-defeating influence behavior. Second, I identify some of the different forms that self-defeating
influence behaviors take. I then present a social cognitive model of self-defeating influence behavior.
According to this model, leaders can be conceptualized as strategic actors who monitor or audit their
influence transactions with the aim of realizing their aims or objectives. I then examine some social cognitive
processes that lead this auditing process astray, fostering misperception and miscalculation. I next
consider some of the psychological and social dynamics that contribute to the persistence of self-defeating
influence behaviors. Again, the persistence of such behavior seems puzzling: if experienced leaders
receive feedback that their influence attempts are failing, why do they not change their course of action?
Why do they persist in their path to folly? I close the paper by discussing briefly some of the implications
of the framework for our understanding of self-defeating influence behavior.
Conceptualizing Self-Defeating Influence Behavior
Historically, the scholarly study of self-defeating behavior has stood at the intersection of social psychology
and clinical psychology (e.g., Berglas & Baumeister, 1993). Baumeister & Scher (1988) provided one
of the first comprehensive literature reviews. They defined self-defeating behavior as “any deliberate
or intentional behavior that has clear, definitely or probably negative effects on the self or on the self’s
projects” (3). They go on to posit that the behavior “must be intentional, although harm to self did not
have to be the intended or primary goal of the action” (3).
不要用翻译软件翻译的,谢谢.