早安,我的鬼君夫人:英语高手请进! 非常着急~~~ 2 翻译成中文 谢谢

来源:百度文库 编辑:杭州交通信息网 时间:2024/05/02 01:46:20
Wind exerts a pressure or suction on the exterior surfaces of a building, and because of its transient nature, it properly belongs in the category of live loads. Because of the relative complexity of determining wind loads, however, wind is usually considered a separate category of loading. Because lateral loads are most detrimental to tall structures, wind loads are usually not as important for low buildings, but uplift on light roof systems can be critical. Although wind is present most of the time, wind loads of the magnitude considered in design are infrequent and are not considered to be fatigue loads.
Earthquake loads are another special category and need to be considered only in those geographic locations where there is a reasonable probability of occurrence. A structural analysis of the effects of an earthquake requires an analysis of the structure‘s response to the ground motion produced by the earthquake. Simpler methods are sometimes used in which the effects of the earthquake are simulated by a system of horizontal loads, similar to those resulting from wind pressure, acting at each floor level of the building.
Snow is another live load that is treated as a separate category. Adding to the uncertainty of this load is the complication of drift, which can cause much of the load to accumulate over a relatively small area.
Other types of live load are often treated as separate categories, such as hydrostatic pressure and soil pressure, but the cases we have enumerated are the ones ordinarily encountered in the design of structural steel building frames and their members.

风荷载
风对建筑外表面产生压力或吸力,并且因为它的短暂性的本质,它适合分在活负载的类别中。然而由于确定风荷载的相对复杂性, 故风通常被认为是一种独立的负载类型。侧面负载对高层建筑结构最有害,因此风荷载通常在低层建筑中不很重要,但是对轻质物顶系统的掀起(作用)是十分关键的。尽管风几乎无时不在,建筑设计中很少考虑风荷载的量级,并且不被认为是疲劳型荷载。
地震荷载是又一特殊的类型,仅在那些地震发生概率相对较高的地理位置才需要考虑。地震效应的分析需要分析建筑结构对地震产生的地面运动的反应。“Simpler”法(我觉得不应当是更简单的,而是一种方法的名称)有时用于水平负载系统模拟的地震效应,和风压造成的效应类似,作用于建筑物的每一个地面(楼层更恰当)水平。
雪是又一种作为独立的活负载处理的类型。增加该负载不确定性的原因是漂移的复杂性,漂移能造成大量的负载在一个相对较小的面积上积累。
其他类型的活负载通常也作为独立的类别来处理,例如静水压力和土壤压力,但是我们列举的例子是结构型刚建筑框架及其构件设计中通常会遇到的那些。

原文
Wind exerts a pressure or suction on the exterior surfaces of a building, and because of its transient nature, it properly belongs in the category of live loads. Because of the relative complexity of determining wind loads, however, wind is usually considered a separate category of loading. Because lateral loads are most detrimental to tall structures, wind loads are usually not as important for low buildings, but uplift on light roof systems can be critical. Although wind is present most of the time, wind loads of the magnitude considered in design are infrequent and are not considered to be fatigue loads.
Earthquake loads are another special category and need to be considered only in those geographic locations where there is a reasonable probability of occurrence. A structural analysis of the effects of an earthquake requires an analysis of the structure‘s response to the ground motion produced by the earthquake. Simpler methods are sometimes used in which the effects of the earthquake are simulated by a system of horizontal loads, similar to those resulting from wind pressure, acting at each floor level of the building.
Snow is another live load that is treated as a separate category. Adding to the uncertainty of this load is the complication of drift, which can cause much of the load to accumulate over a relatively small area.
Other types of live load are often treated as separate categories, such as hydrostatic pressure and soil pressure, but the cases we have enumerated are the ones ordinarily encountered in the design of structural steel building frames and their members.
译文
风施加在建筑物的外部表面方面的压力或者吸, 而且因为它的短暂自然,它适当地在活负荷的种类中属于。 然而,因为决定风的比较复杂装载,风通常被视为一个载入的分开种类。 因为侧部负荷对高的结构最有害, 风负荷通常是不如重要的对于低的建筑物, 但是高扬在轻的屋顶系统上可能是紧要关头的。 虽然风是时间的礼物大部分,但是在设计被考虑的大小的风负荷是稀少的而且没被考虑是疲累负荷。
地震负荷是另外的一个特别的种类而且需要只在那些地理的位置被考虑哪里有发生的合理可能性。 地震的效果的一项结构分析跟被地震生产的土地的运动需要一项结构的回应的分析。 较简单的方法有时在哪些地震的效果被一个水平负荷的系统模拟被用,类似正在起因于风压力,在建筑物的每个地板水平行动的人。
雪是被当做一个分开的种类的另外的一个活的负荷。 增加这一个负荷的不确定是漂流物的复杂化, 能导致许多负荷遍及一个相对小的区域累积。
活负荷的其他类型时常被当做像流体静力学压力和土壤压力这样的分开种类,但是我们已经列举的情形是通常在结构钢建筑物的设计框架和他们的成员被遇到的一些。

风施加压力或吸在大厦的外部表面, 并且由于它的瞬变自然, 它适当地属于在活装载类别。由于确定风装载的相对复杂, 然而, 风通常被认为装货一个分开的类别。由于侧向装载是最损伤的对高结构, 风装载象重要通常不是为低大厦, 但是进步在轻的屋顶系统可能是重要的。虽然风是存在多半时间, 巨大的风装载被考虑在设计是少有的和不被认为疲劳装载。地震装载是其它特别类别和需要被考虑只在有发生的一个合理的可能性的那些地理位置。对地震的作用的结构分析要求对对地面行动的structure`s 反应的分析由地震导致。更加简单的方法有时被使用在哪些地震的作用由水平的装载系统模仿, 相似与那些起因于风压力, 行动在各个大厦的地板水平。雪是对待一个分开的类别的其它活装载。增加来这装载不确定性是漂泊的复杂化, 可能导致许多装载积累在一个相对地小范围。其它类型活装载分开的类别经常对待, 譬如流体静力的压力和土壤压力, 但我们列举了的箱子是那个通常遇到在结构钢大厦框架和他们的成员设计。