中央空调旋钮开关:英语的被动语态，怎么做对？

什么是被动语态，如何区分？
基本上是一个物体被另一个物体或人...并不是该物体主观意识上去做的.

主动语态与被动语态有什么区别？
主动语态就是由一个物或人主动发出的动作(有时可能不一样,会主动表示被动,如The pen writes well)
被动语态就是基本上是一个物体被另一个物体或人...并不是该物体主观意识上去做的.

A.将下列句子改为被动语态。
1.I was bought a new computer by my father.
2.The children are looked after very well
3.He was seen to come into the meeting-room.
4.English is found very useful by us.
5.A lot of trees have planted by him

I bought a book yesterday.A book was bought by me yesterday.后者就是被动语态！被动语态的动词形式跟过去分词是一样的。动作的行使者用by表示。

A new computer was bought for me yesterday.
The children were looked after.
He was seen come into the meetingroom.
English was found very useful.
A lot of trees have been planted
我把动作执行者省略了！如果需要你可以在这些句子的后加by再加上动作执行者！

1.A new computer was bought for me by my father yesterday.

2.The children are looked very well by Mrs Zhang.

3.He was saw come into the meeting-room.

4.English is found very useful.

5.A lot of trees have been planted by him.英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。

例如：Many people speak English.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。

例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)

The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught

一般过去时：was／were＋taught

一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught

过去进行时：have／has been＋taught

现在完成时：have／has been＋taught

歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。

三、被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：

Some new computers were stolen last night.

一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。

(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。

歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；

动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made?by them?in the factory.

歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：

We can repair this watch in two days.

This watch can be repaired in two days.

You ought to take it away.

It ought to be taken away.

They should do it at once.

It should be done at once.
资料来自：http://www.zhongkao.cn/Article_D/2005-08/459456426281451.htm
还有下边的网址可以参考：http://bbs.kpedu.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=11&id=3733
http://article.niq.cn/Html/jiaoan/zhongxueyingyu/2005_10_06_22_40_03_0510618584958346_0510622400381430_206.htm
http://www.633.com.cn/user1/english/archives/2006/3667.html
希望对你有帮助，祝学业有成

主动语态的主语是施动者；被动语态的主语是受动者。要区别主动与被动语态，一是要看句子是否是be + done的结构，二是要看句意。
1. A new computer was bought for me by my father yesterday.
OR: I was bought a new computer by my father yesterday.
2. The children are looked after very well by Mrs Zhang.
3. He was seen to come into the meeting room.
4. English is found to be very useful (by us).
5. A lot of trees have been planted (by him).
（备注：楼上的第3题做错了，saw 应为seen）

1.A new computer was bought for me by my father yesterday.

2.The children are looked very well by Mrs. Zhang.

3.He was seen to come into the meeting-room.

4.English is found very useful by us .

5.A lot of trees have been planted by him.

主动语态和被动语态的区别:

1 在主动语态中,句子的主语是动作的执行者
2 在被动语态中，句子的主语是动作的承受者

被 动 语 态
一 构成：be + P.P. (过去分词)
⑴ 一般现在时： am / is / are + P.P.
⑵ 一般过去时： was / were + P.P.
⑶ 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + P.P.
⑷ 过去进行时： was / were + being + P.P.
⑸ 一般将来时： will / shall + be + P.P.
⑹ 过去将来时： would / should + be + P.P.
⑺ 现在完成时： have / has + been + P.P.
⑻ 过去完成时： had + been + P.P.

二 用法：
⑴ 不知道或者没有必要知道动作的执行者是谁。
The book is written for children .
⑵ 谈话的中心是动作的承受者。
My bike was stolen .
His wallet has been stolen .
⑶ 为了出于礼貌，或者不愿意说出动作的执行者是谁。
It’s hoped that you will have a chance to visit our country .
I was told that Tom had stolen the book .
⑷ 汉语中有一类句子不出现主语，翻译成英语时，要用被动语态。
1. It is said that … 据说 …
2. It is generally accepted that … 普遍认为 …
3. It will be said that … 有人会说 …
4. It well know that … 众所周知 …
5. It is generally considered that … 大家认为 …
6. It is believed that … 有人相信 …
7. It is learned that … 据闻（悉） …
8. It is reported that … 据报导 …
9. It will be seen from this that … 由此可见 …
10. It must be pointed out that … 必须指出 …
11. It should be said that … 应该说 …
12. It is supposed that … 据推测 …
13. It may be confirmed that … 可以肯定 …
14. It is estimated that … 据估计 …
15. It is considered that … 人们认为 …
16. It will be seen that … 可见；可以看出 …
17. It must be admitted that … 必须承认 …
18. It is understood that … 不用说谁都知道 …
19. It can’t be denied that … 无可否认 …
20. It has been proved that … 已经证明 …
21. It may be safely said that … 可以有把握地说 …
22. It is expected / hoped that … 人们希望 …
23. It is sometime asked that … 人们有时会问 …
24. It is asserted that … 有人主张 …

三 一些特殊的被动结构
(1) 带复合宾语的动词在变成被动语态室，一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。
 We always keep the room clean . --------- The room is always kept clean .
(2) 主动形式表示被动意义
1. 动词want , need , require , deserve , 等后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
 The children need looking after . 孩子们需要照顾。
 The window wants / requires repairing . 窗户需要修理。
 This point deserves mentioning . 这一点值得一提。
2. 形容词worth 后面加动名词的主动形式，表示被动的意义。
 The book is worth reading . 这本书值得一读。
3. 有些不及物动词和副词well , easily , 等连用时，如clean , cut , cook , burn , draw , play , read , sell , wash , write , 等
 The cloth washes / sells well . 这布很经洗（很畅销）。
 The third act plays well . 第三幕演得好。
 The poem reads smoothly . 这首诗读起来很流畅。
4. 有些不及物动词与can’t , won’t 等连用时， 如act , keep , lock , move , open , shut 等
 The play won’t act . 这戏不宜上演。
 In warm weather meat and fish won’t keep long . 天气暖了，鱼就存放不久。
5. 表示“开始，结束”的动词，如begin , start , close , end , open 等
 The museum opens at 8 o’clock . 博物馆8点开门。
 The store closes at 10 p.m. . 商店晚上10点关门。
6. 某些作表语的形容词后面，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
 The fish is not fit to eat . 这鱼不适合吃。
 This kind of book isn’t fit to read . 这种书不适合看。
7. 某些感官动词和系动词，如feel , look , prove , smell , sound , taste , wear 等与形容词连用时。
 The water feels very cold . 这水摸起来很冷。
 The dish tastes delicious . 这菜尝起来很可口。
(3) 以下动词构成的句子不能改成被动句。
1. 动词leave , enter , reach 等的宾语是表示处所，地点（国家，团体，组织，军队）等。
2. 表示状态的动词，如become , benefit , cost , contain , equal , fit , fail , have , lack , last m mean , suit , look , like 等
3. 下列不及物动词及短语动词：appear , belong to , break out , die , happen , lie , occur , rise , take place , agree with , consist of , have on , keep up with 以及一些固定的词组：keep words , lose heart , make a face 等
4. 宾语是反身代词 ，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，动词—ing 形式，抽象名词等。