国资委接管湖南高速:哪位大人能帮忙人工翻译下(急)谢啦

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关于占座现象的经济学分析
“占座”这一现象在生活中时有发生,在大学校园里更是司空见惯。无论是三九严冬,还是烈日酷暑,总有一帮“占座族”手持书本忠诚地守侯在教学楼前,大门一开,争先恐后地奔入教室,瞅准座位,忙不迭地将书本等物置于桌上,方才松了一口气,不无得意地守护着自己的“殖民地”。后来之人,只能望座兴叹,屈居后排。上课的视听效果大打折扣,因而不免牢骚四起,大呼“占座无理”。
从经济学的角度看,当我们假设所有的人都是理性人时,理性人追求利益最大化,制度本身不涉及道德问题,一项制度的指定如果能够满足理性人利益最大化的追求,既实现了普遍意义上的公平正义,即是一项合理的制度。下面笔者将运用经济学原理对占座行为的合理性予以分析。
“占座”意味着你可以拥有令你满意的座位,可以不必伸长脖子穿过重重障碍捕捉老师的每一个动作,每一个眼神,可以不必端起眼镜费神地辨认黑板上的板书,可以不必伸长耳朵生怕漏听了什么,而这一切都意味着当你和你的同学同样用心时,你比他们更容易集中精神,获得更好的听课效果,最终得到更优异的成绩,而这一切都仅仅是因为你占了个好座位。
当然,天下没有免费的午餐,你需要为占座付出一定的代价。你可能无法在床上多躺一会儿,可能无法吃顿悠闲的早餐,它们是你为占座付出的机会成本,关键在于机会成本与收益比较孰轻孰重。对于一个学生而言取得好成绩的意义是不言自明的,而上述的机会成本,当你用积极的态度看待它们时完全可以被压缩到很小,甚至为负值-早起有益于身体健康,精力充沛,而把时间浪费在早饭上是没有必要的。这么看来,你为占座付出的机会成本是很小的,而得到的收益却大得多,那么占座无疑是理性人的最佳选择。
我们发现那些占座的同学往往不仅为自己占座,还会为自己的室友占座。当然,这可能声明这些同学比较细心周到。但是,从经济学的角度看,这里包含了“理性人考虑边际量”的原理。
当你已经提前赶到了教室,多占个座儿对你来说不过是举手之劳。在这里边际成本几乎不存在,而这一行为将带来怎样的边际收益呢?首先,你的室友可能会认为你很体贴,并因此提高对你的评价;其次,即便是你所服务的人不认为这是美德的表现,而将之视为一项投资,那么遵循等价交换的原则,在适当的场合下,他也必定会为之付出某种程度的报酬。
这种情况,民间叫做“顺水人情”,本小利大,何乐而不为呢?
固定占座人——发挥相对优势使交易群体获利
如果说,你们寝室每天需要有一个人负责占座,那么是每天轮流由不同的人充当占人好呢,还是固定
人占座好呢?答案是后者。这体现了人们发挥自己的相对优势,创造价值,并将之与具有其他相对优势的人进行交易,从而使得交易各方从中获利的经济学原理。
规定轮流占座并非不可,大家的收益并未改变,问题在于,不同的人在这件事情上的机会成本是不同的。小王习惯晚睡,因此早起半个钟头对他来说无异于酷刑加身,勉强爬起来完成“神圣使命”,可能将导致一天的无精打采,哈欠连天。相反,小李习惯早起,占座对他来说不费吹灰之力。而小张不仅可以早起,而且拥有先进的代步工具-自行车,占座对他来说更加容易。三者在占座这一行为的相对优势比较中,小张》小李》小王。那么当在三人中作出选择时,小张无疑是最合适的,而小王也许可以利用晚睡的时间为大家提水,小李也许可以利用早起时间去买早餐。于是各自发挥相对优势,结果使整个交易群体从中获利。
抨击“占座”的人,往往会指出占座违背了公平的原则,每个人都应当平等的拥有占有好座位的机会。于是他们提出他们认为公平的制度-座位轮换制,即每人编号入座,每周逐排调动。
全部都翻译成英语.谢啦.人工翻译有难度的话帮忙找个好点的翻译网站翻译一下

"Occupies the place" this phenomenon to sometimes occur in the life,
in the university campus is commonly seen. Regardless of is 39 severe
winters, the hot sun intense summer heat, always some group "occupies
the place race" to grasp the books loyally to defend the marquis in
front of the classroom building, the front door as soon as starts,
rushes competitively into the classroom, aims at the seat, is too busy
thing and so on books puts in on the table, just now relaxed, be
pleased is protecting own "the colony". Afterwards the human, only
could look the place 兴叹, occupies the back row. Attends class the
seeing and hearing effect sells at a discount greatly, thus the
discontent rises from all directions unavoidably, loudly shouts
"occupies the place to be unreasonable".
Looked from the economic angle, when our supposition all people all
are the rational person, the rational person pursues the benefit
maximization, system itself does not involve the moral question, a
system assigns if can satisfy the rational person benefit maximization
the pursue, also has realized in the universal significance fair
justice, is a reasonable system. Under the author to will occupy the
place behavior using the economic principle the rationality to
analyze.
"Occupies the place" to mean you may have the seat which makes you to
satisfy, may not need to elongate the neck to pass through layer on
layer the barrier to catch teacher each movement, each look, may not
need to carry the eyeglasses to take the trouble to identify on the
blackboard the blackboard writing, might not need to elongate the ear
for fear that to leak has listened to any, but all these meant worked
as you and your schoolmate similarly attentively, you were easier than
them to concentrate the spirit, obtained well attends a lecture the
effect, finally obtained a more outstanding result, but all these
merely were because you have occupied a good seat.
Certainly, the world not free lunch, you need for to occupy the place
to pay the certain price. You are possibly unable on the bed to lie
down a while, possibly is unable to have a leisurely and carefree
breakfast, they are you for account for the opportunity cost which the
place pays, the key lie in the opportunity cost and the income
comparison which is the lighter and which is the heavier. Says
regarding a student obtains the result the significance is obviously,
but above opportunity cost, when you use the positive manner regards
them definitely to be possible to compress to are very young, even -
gets up early for the negative value is beneficial in the health,
energetic, but is not the time waste on the breakfast unnecessary.
Such looked like, you for account for the opportunity cost which the
place pays are very small, but obtains the income actually is much
bigger, then occupies the place is the rational person's best choice
without doubt.
We discovered these occupy the place the schoolmate often not only
occupies the place for oneself, but also can occupy the place for own
roommate. Certainly, this is possible to state these schoolmates quite
careful are thorough. But, looked from the economic angle that, here
has contained "the rational person considers the boundary quantity"
the principle.
When you ahead of time have already rushed the classroom, occupies a
place to you to say was only a slight effort. Does not exist nearly in
here marginal cost, how marginal revenue but will this behavior bring?
First, your roommate possibly can think you sympathize very much, and
therefore enhances to your appraisal; Next, even if is the human which
you serves did not think this is the moral excellence performance, but
will regard as an investment, then will follow the exchange of equal
value the principle, under the suitable situation, he also surely will
be able to pay some kind of degree for it the reward.
This kind of situation, the folk is called "the favor done at little
or no cost", this small advantage is big, why not?
Fixedly occupies the place person - display relative superiority to
cause the transaction community to make a profit
If, your bedroom needs to have a person every day responsibly
to occupy the place, then is in turn acts as every day by the
different person occupies the human well, is fixed
The human occupies the place to be good? The answer is latter.
This will manifest the people to display own relative superiority, the
creation value, and with the human which will have other relative
superiority carries on the transaction, thus will cause the economic
principle which transaction all quarters will make a profit.
The stipulation occupies the place not to be possible by no means in
turn, everybody income changes by no means, the question lies in, the
different person's at this matter opportunity cost is different. The
young Wang custom late rests, therefore gets up early half an hour to
him said is no different with the torture to add the body, crawls
reluctantly completes "the sacred mission", possibly will cause a
day-long listlessness, the yawn day after day. On the contrary, Xiao
Li is familiar with gets up early, occupies the place to him to say
does not spend the small effort. But young Zhang not only may get up
early, moreover has advanced rides instead of walking the tool -
bicycle, occupies the place to say to him easily. Three in occupies
place this behavior in the relative superiority comparison, young
Zhang "Xiao Li" young Wang. Then when makes the choice when three
people, young Zhang without doubt is most appropriate, perhaps but
young Wang may use the time which late rests for everybody to draw
water, perhaps Xiao Li may use gets up early the time to buy the
breakfast. Thereupon respective display relative superiority, finally
causes the entire transaction community to make a profit.
The attack "occupies the place" the human, often can point out
occupied the place to violate the fair principle, each people all must
the equality have hold the seat the opportunity. Thereupon they
proposed they thought the fair system - seat rotation system, namely
each human of serial number takes a seat, each Zhou Zhupai transfers.

Concerning the economics analysis that shares a phenomenon
"Share" this phenomenon has occurrence in the living China Times, is also a common sight in the university campus.BE 39 sever winters regardless, be still the hot sun intense heat, always have on holding book to guard loyally for"share a clan" hand before the teaching building, once the front door open, fighting to be the first ground to rush into the classroom, quasi- seat, favour not the ground book etc. the thing place in table, breath a sigh of relief just, don'ted have no to guard own"colony" satisfiedly.Afterwards its person, can hope a 兴 to sigh, being rear row.The audio-visual result of have a class gives discount greatly, as a result unavoidably the grievance rise everywhere, loudlying appeal to the public"share to have no reason".
See from the angle of the economics, be us to suppose all of all people is reasonablenesses person, reasonableness the person pursue a benefits to maximize, the system doesn't involve question of ethics, a system of appointed if can satisfy the reasonableness person's benefits to maximize of pursue, since carry out the fair justice of the widespread meaning, is a reasonable system.The underneath writer will make use of the economics principle to give analysis to the rationality that shares a behavior.
"Share" means you can own to make you satisfied seat, need not the elongation neck cuts through each action that the layer after layer obstacle catches a teacher, each look in the eyes, need not carry to attract attention a mirror to recognize the writing on the blackboard of the blackboard requiring attentionly, need not the elongation ear fear to leak to hear what, but the all theses all mean be you with you of When the classmate same work hard, you than they more easily concentrated spirit, acquire better hear the lesson result, end get more excellent result, but all these all only is because you have good seat.
Certainly, the world has no free lunch, you need for share to pay a certain price.You can't lie much and can't have a leisurely and carefree breakfast in a short while and probably on the bed probably, they is you for share to pay of opportunity cost, the key lies in the opportunity cost and the income comparison who lightly and which heavy.For a student but speech obtain the meaning of[with] good result is talk from clear, but above-mentioned opportunity cost, can be compress to arrive completely while being you to treat them with the aggressive attitude very small, even for negative be worth-rise early to be good for healthy body, energetic, but chase time waste on the breakfast is have no necessary.See so, you for share opportunity cost that pays to be pimping, but get of income but have to be many greatly, share so a doubtless is a reasonableness the person's best choice.
We discover those classmates that share usually not only share for the oneself, but also will share for own rommate.Certainly, this declares these classmate comparisons probably with quiet attention thoughtful.But, see from the angle of the economics, included the principle of"reasonableness the person consider amount of limit" here.
When you have already arrived to classroom in advance, having one more son to you however is little effort.BE almost nonexistent here at the limit cost, but this behavior will bring how of limit income?First, you of the rommate may think you are very considerate, and therefore raise the evaluation to you;Being the person whom you serve and DOing not think this secondly and even if is the performance of the virtue, and treats it as 1 item to invest, following so etc. the principle of the price commutation, under the situation that appropriate, he also will pay a guerdon of a certain degree for it necessarily.
This kind of circumstance, the folks is called"friendly gesture without extra cost", the originally small benefit is big, and why should not be happy to do it?
Share a person fixedly-the exertive comparative advantage make to trade community accrual
If say, your bedroom needs a person to be responsible for sharing everyday, so is everyday is by turn act as by different person to have a person good, still fixed
The person shares a good?The answer is the latter.This body now people develop an own comparative advantage, creation value, and will it with have the person of other comparative advantages to carry on bargain, make bargain everyone thus to make a profit from it of economics principle.
Provision's sharing by turn not can't, everyone's income changed, the problem lie in, the different person is different in the opportunity cost of this affair.Kinglet's habit sleeps late, so rise early the half adds a body in the torture just like to him for hour, climb"sacred mission" of completion unwillingly, will cause probably for a day of in poor fettle, the gape connects a day.Contrary, little Lee rises early habitually, sharing to him with frightening ease.But small piece the means of transportation tool-bicycle that not only can rise early, but also own a forerunner, share to him more and easily.Threes are sharing a comparative advantage of this behavior more medium, small piece 》little Lee 》kinglet.So in time of make a choice in three people, the small piece is doubtless is quite the cheese, but the kinglet can make use of a night to sleep perhaps of time lifts a water for everyone, little Lee can make use of to rise early perhaps time buy breakfast.Hence each self-moving flick a comparative advantage, make as a result whole trade community from in accrual.
Attack the person of"share", usually will point out to share a violation a fair principle, everybody should own an opportunity of occupy the good seat equally.Hence they put forward them to think the fair system-seat rotates to make, namely everybody's serial number take the seat, lining up a transfer gradually every week.

Concerning occupy an economics of phenomenon analysis
The phenomenon " occupy" is in living China Times had occurrence, at university campus also common sight.Wether is 3 9 sever winters, or hot sun intense heat, the gross reach on helping" occupy a 族 " hold the book to guard the 侯 loyally before teaching floor, the front door is on openning, fighting to be the first a ground of rushing into the classroom, the 瞅 allows the seat, is not the ground of 迭 is placed book etc. thing in table, breathing a sigh of relief just, doing not have no to guard satisfiedly own" colony".Afterwards its person, can hope a 兴 sighs, being the rear row.The audio-visual result of having a class is big to give discount, as a result the unavoidable grievance rises everywhere, loudlying appeal to the public" occupy have no reason".
See from the angle of the economics, be we suppose all people are all reasonablenesses person, reasonableness the person pursues the benefits maximizes, system oneself do not involve the question of ethics, a the item specifies institutionally if can satisfy reasonableness person's benefits maximize of pursue, since realizes the fair justice of the widespread meaning, is a reasonable system.The underneath writer will make use of the economics principle to occupy a rationality of behavior give the analysis.
" account for each an action of a seat for" meaning that you can own to make you being satisfied with, can need not elongation neck cut through layer after layer obstacle catch teacher, each a look in the eyes, can need not carry to rise glasses recognizes the writing on the blackboard on the blackboard requiring attentionly, can need not the elongation ear feared to leak to hear what, but the all these all mean to be you with your classmate same diligently, you compares them to concentrates more easily spirit, acquire the better hearing the lesson result, end get the more excellent score, but all these all and only is because you occupied a good seat.
Certainly, the world has no free lunch, you need for occupy a price for paying ising certain.You may can't much lie on the bed in a short while, may can't eat a leisurely and carefree breakfast, they is you are for occupying an opportunity cost for paying, the key consists in the opportunity cost compares with income the who light which heavy.For a student but the speech obtains the meaning of the good score is to do not talk from clear, but above opportunity cost, be you to treat them with the positive attitude can be compressed completely very small, even for negative value- rise early to is beneficial to the healthy body, energetic, but waste time on the breakfast is have no necessary.Look so, you are to occupy an opportunity cost for paying is pimping, but get however the income is big to get many, occupy a the best choice that is a reasonableness doubtless the person so.
We not only occupy for the oneself, would but also usually discovers those occupying a classmates to occupy for own rommate.Certainly, this may declare these classmates comparison with quiet attention thoughtful.But, see from the angle of the economics, included here" reasonableness the person considers the limit measures" of principle.
When you have arrived to the classroom in advance, occupy one more a son to you is little effort however.In here limit cost almost nonexistent, but this behavior will limit income bringing how?First, your rommate may think that you show consideration to very much, and therefore increases to your evaluation;The next in order, even if is performance that person who you serve does not think that this is the virtue, and treat it as an investment, following the principle that wait the price commutation so, under the appropriate situation, he also will pay a guerdon of a certain degree for it necessarily.
This kind of circumstance, the folks be called the " friendly gesture without extra cost", this small benefit big, why should not be happy to do it?
Fix to occupy a person the —— develop the comparative advantage makes bargain community accrual
If say, everyday demand in you bedroom contain a person be responsible for occupying a, is everyday so to be been by different person's 充 to occupy by turn person good, still fixed
The person occupy good?The answer is the latter.This now people develop own comparative advantage, creating value, combine it with have the person of the other comparative advantage proceeds the bargain, from but made the bargain the everyone from the economics principle that make a profit.
The provision occupies by turn an income for not can't, everybody did not changes, the problem consists in, the different person is different in this the opportunity cost on the affair.The night in habit in kinglet sleeps, therefore rising early a hour of half to him the just like adds the body in the torture, forcing to climb to complete the " sacred mission", maying will cause a day in poor fettle, the 哈 owes to connect for day.Contrary, little Lee's habit rises early, occupying is to him with frightening ease.But the little piece can not only rise early, but also owns the advanced means of transportation tool- bicycle, occupy, is to him more easily.Three in occupy first this first behavioral comparative advantage comparison, little Lee in little piece's 》》 kinglet.So in time of make the choice in three people, little a time for doubtless is quite the cheesely, but kinglet perhaps can making use of night sleeping lifts the water for everybody, the little Lee can make use of to rise early perhaps time buys the breakfast.Hence each self-moving flick the comparative advantage, the result makes whole bargain community from make a profit inside.
Attack" occupy a" of person, will usually point out to occupy an opportunity for disobeying fair principle, everybody shoulding equally owning seat of occupy.Hence they puts forward they think that the fair system- seat rotates the system, namely everybody's serial number takes the seat, each逐 row transfer.

Concerning occupy an economics of phenomenon analysis
The phenomenon " occupy" is in living China Times had occurrence, at university campus also common sight.Wether is 3 9 sever winters, or hot sun intense heat, the gross reach on helping" occupy a 族 " hold the book to guard the 侯 loyally before teaching floor, the front door is on openning, fighting to be the first a ground of rushing into the classroom, the 瞅 allows the seat, is not the ground of 迭 is placed book etc. thing in table, breathing a sigh of relief just, doing not have no to guard satisfiedly own" colony".Afterwards its person, can hope a 兴 sighs, being the rear row.The audio-visual result of having a class is big to give discount, as a result the unavoidable grievance rises everywhere, loudlying appeal to the public" occupy have no reason".
See from the angle of the economics, be we suppose all people are all reasonablenesses person, reasonableness the person pursues the benefits maximizes, system oneself do not involve the question of ethics, a the item specifies institutionally if can satisfy reasonableness person's benefits maximize of pursue, since realizes the fair justice of the widespread meaning, is a reasonable system.The underneath writer will make use of the economics principle to occupy a rationality of behavior give the analysis.
" account for each an action of a seat for" meaning that you can own to make you being satisfied with, can need not elongation neck cut through layer after layer obstacle catch teacher, each a look in the eyes, can need not carry to rise glasses recognizes the writing on the blackboard on the blackboard requiring attentionly, can need not the elongation ear feared to leak to hear what, but the all these all mean to be you with your classmate same diligently, you compares them to concentrates more easily spirit, acquire the better hearing the lesson result, end get the more excellent score, but all these all and only is because you occupied a good seat.
Certainly, the world has no free lunch, you need for occupy a price for paying ising certain.You may can't much lie on the bed in a short while, may can't eat a leisurely and carefree breakfast, they is you are for occupying an opportunity cost for paying, the key consists in the opportunity cost compares with income the who light which heavy.For a student but the speech obtains the meaning of the good score is to do not talk from clear, but above opportunity cost, be you to treat them with the positive attitude can be compressed completely very small, even for negative value- rise early to is beneficial to the healthy body, energetic, but waste time on the breakfast is have no necessary.Look so, you are to occupy an opportunity cost for paying is pimping, but get however the income is big to get many, occupy a the best choice that is a reasonableness doubtless the person so.
We not only occupy for the oneself, would but also usually discovers those occupying a classmates to occupy for own rommate.Certainly, this may declare these classmates comparison with quiet attention thoughtful.But, see from the angle of the economics, included here" reasonableness the person considers the limit measures" of principle.
When you have arrived to the classroom in advance, occupy one more a son to you is little effort however.In here limit cost almost nonexistent, but this behavior will limit income bringing how?First, your rommate may think that you show consideration to very much, and therefore increases to your evaluation;The next in order, even if is performance that person who you serve does not think that this is the virtue, and treat it as an investment, following the principle that wait the price commutation so, under the appropriate situation, he also will pay a guerdon of a certain degree for it necessarily.
This kind of circumstance, the folks be called the " friendly gesture without extra cost", this small benefit big, why should not be happy to do it?
Fix to occupy a person the —— develop the comparative advantage makes bargain community accrual
If say, everyday demand in you bedroom contain a person be responsible for occupying a, is everyday so to be been by different person's 充 to occupy by turn person good, still fixed
The person occupy good?The answer is the latter.This now people develop own comparative advantage, creating value, combine it with have the person of the other comparative advantage proceeds the bargain, from but made the bargain the everyone from the economics principle that make a profit.
The provision occupies by turn an income for not can't, everybody did not changes, the problem consists in, the different person is different in this the opportunity cost on the affair.The night in habit in kinglet sleeps, therefore rising early a hour of half to him the just like adds the body in the torture, forcing to climb to complete the " sacred mission", maying will cause a day in poor fettle, the 哈 owes to connect for day.Contrary, little Lee's habit rises early, occupying is to him with frightening ease.But the little piece can not only rise early, but also owns the advanced means of transportation tool- bicycle, occupy, is to him more easily.Three in occupy first this first behavioral comparative advantage comparison, little Lee in little piece's 》》 kinglet.So in time of make the choice in three people, little a time for doubtless is quite the cheesely, but kinglet perhaps can making use of night sleeping lifts the water for everybody, the little Lee can make use of to rise early perhaps time buys the breakfast.Hence each self-moving flick the comparative advantage, the result makes whole bargain community from make a profit inside.
Attack" occupy a" of person, will usually point out to occupy an opportunity for disobeying fair principle, everybody shoulding equally owning seat of occupy.Hence they puts forward they think that the fair system- seat rotates the system, namely everybody's serial number takes the seat, each逐 row transfer.
注:复制的

回答,翻译成英语还是日语呀

翻译成哪国语啊