三国志13刘备全剧情:我想要一片英文演讲稿 和海关有关的

这个到底算你的还是大家的，你这样不就等于抄袭了吗？严重谴责，这样和黄禹锡有区别吗?

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES OF AN EU MEMBER STATE'S CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION IN PROVIDING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

It is a pleasure to follow up on John Clarke's speech; my presentation obviously fits in the general framework of his speech. The European Union does not have one EU customs administration (yet?) but still fifteen customs administrations that are increasingly co-operating to operate as if they were one customs administration. Almost all of these administrations are involved in practical technical assistance work. Therefore my speech will essentially deal with the practical experiences of the Netherlands Customs administration with technical assistance programmes carried out and the lessons we have drawn from them. This will show you where part of the 23 billion Euro that the Member States are spending on technical assistance, next to the 7 billion Euro spent by the European Community, is going to.

Allow me a personal observation at the beginning from my involvement over the last five years in the revision of the Kyoto Convention (simplification and harmonisation of customs procedures), the work of UN/CEFACT (dealing with trade facilitation and electronic business), the informal meetings of the WTO held so far and - for the last couple of months - the preparation of the Second Global Forum on Fighting Corruption and Safeguarding Integrity which will be held in the Netherlands in three weeks time. I know from that involvement and some bilateral negotiations on customs mutual assistance agreements, how many initiatives and drastic changes are ongoing in (part of) the world of customs.
I am very pleasantly surprised from that to be surrounded by so many colleagues and friends from other customs administrations. But this is also a reason for concern because trade facilitation may not be limited to customs alone. To focus fully on customs and to hear about splendid initiatives in the WCO and individual administrations might create the false impression in WTO that trade facilitation is about to happen any way, whether we decide to make rules or not. Even if customs use risk analisys and target controls beter, if customs solve integrity problems, if customs reform and modernise their administrations and so on, another important part of the problem of official controls will remain.
That is that behind or, even worse, next to customs rules and customs officers there is a wide range of other official rules in respect of interntional trade and a number of other inspection agencies that equally intervene in the logistical process at the borders. Recent sad examples in Europe show how important veterinary inspections can be; customs, however, rarely carry out these inspections. Similarly phytosanitary or sanitary controls are normally carried out by specialised services. And there is a wide range of other official measuers to protect our citizens that cause delays in international goods traffic because they require examinations at the point of entry or exit of the customs territory. But the necessary physical inspections are often done by others.
So, my point is and I will come back to that later, that we can talk for two days about everything happening in the world of customs but that in doing that we are looking at only one part of the problem and we should not forget the rest of the official controls. And then we are not talking about the obstacles to international trade that still exist in other areas than official controls (such as order and production practices, banking, insurance and transport).

After this personal note, let me very briefly introduce my administration and our working methods. Customs in the Netherlands exists for well over 400 years now. It is part of the Tax and Customs Administration. Total number of employees of the whole administration is about 30.000; the Customs administration has 5.600 officers with a slight tendency to grow.
The economy of the Netherlands is for an important part dependent upon international trade, with enormous goods flows via mainports as Rotterdam and Amsterdam for maritime traffic and Amsterdam airport for air freight through the Netherlands to other destinations. Smooth logistical processes based on risk analysis and targetted controls are absolutely essential to handle the volume of goods.

I would like to remind you that the task of customs consists of two main elements:
1. assesment and levying of customs duties and other duties and taxes on importation (fiscal task);
2. ensuring compliance with a wide range of prohibitions, restrictions and special measures of control in respect of specific goods that are intended to be imported or exported (non-fiscal tasks).

Simplification of customs procedures (for instance by allowing goods to follow their destination even if all formalities are not fully completed) is relatively simple in respect of the fiscal tasks, because of post clearance audits and recovery possibilities afterwards. Life of customs officers has become much more complicated due to the non-fiscal part of their work. You can not apply post-entry audits to goods whose importation is prohibited because the damage has been done already after their illegetimate entry on the customs territory.

Therefore customs in the Netherlands is primarily a control and enforcement agency. In some other countries these functions may even be seperated between customs as a pure control agency and another agency, falling under the political responsibility of another Minister than the Minister of Finance (under whose responsibility customs normally operate) which complicates life even further.

In the Netherlands we do not see trade faciltation as a third task for customs next to the fiscal and non-fiscal task; it is not our core business to facilitate but to "collect and protect". What we have done over the last four centuries in the Netherlands and really want to continue to do in the future is to carry out our control and enforcement functions in such a way that trade is least hindered by our interventions. To that end we are in constant dialogue with our "clients" and collect as much information as possible to know them and their goods flows better (through "client co-ordinators"). This allows us to grant sometimes very simplified procedures for the most compliant/reliable clients. These procedures in turn require less resources from us and that means that we can address the real risks better with these resources. In other words: better enforcement allows for further faciliation. Facilitation in the form of simple and transparent rules and procedures, by the way, also enables better enforcement.

This approach strikes a balance between facilitation and enforcement that we believe in and that we want to share with other customs administration. That is why we attach great importance to technical assistance to other customs administrations.

From 1991 we have seen an enormous increase in technical assistance due to the fall of the Berlin wall and the deliberate choice in the European Communities to assist countries in Central and Eastern Europe in building up customs administrations that could deal with the conditions of a market economy.
The fifteen EU customs administrations found it particularly important to build up direct customs to customs relationships. Due to the confidential issues as enforcement our customs service prefer those direct links over the involvement of private consultancy firms in this particular field. Apart from the confidentiality issue we also believe it to be best when active customs officers in donor countries share their experience with customs officers in the recipient countries. Moreover, some EU customs administrations do not allow their employees to work for private firms, not even for limited periods and for specific tasks.

In order to be able to carry out technical assistance with that guiding filosofy, the EU customs administrations have created in the same year 1991 Eurocustoms, a consortium of 15 EU customs administrations, to plan, co-ordinate, evaluate and manage financially the assistance. Eurocustoms' activities have concentrated on the so called Phare and Tacis programmes in Europe. Phare for the CCEE’s; Tacis for Commonwealth of Independendent States. Experiences of Member States and the Commission have been very positive. The need for having such a central unit is also reflected at the national level where we have a specialised divison in the Tax and Customs Administration fully dedicated to technical assistance.

Dutch Customs carry out much of our technical assistance in the framework of the EU (following up on the topic of John Clarke's speech). Between 8 and 9 percent of total assistance rendered so far in this context has been carried out by the Netherlands; a relatively big slice of the cake compared to our position as the biggest of the small countries in the EU.

We also assist sister customs administrations in other frameworks than the EU. We have a number of bilateral programmes and also carry out missions with or for international organisations.

The most important bilateral programmes are on behalf of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba, for Surinam and for China. The Netherlands Antilles and Aruba are independent countries in the Kingdom of the Netherlands and therefore it is logical to assist them very intensively. Surinam used to be part of the Kingdom and with the changed political climate in the country we are very happy to resume the technical assistance to that country. In principle these programmes can address any need expressed by the other countries. They frequently result in long term (there years) detachments.

I would like to spend some more time on the relationship with China. We have just prolonged a nine years relationship for another six years.

The co-operation between the Chinese Customs and Customs of The Netherlands started in the same year 1991 with some training courses on the Harmonised system and Customs Surveillance. These courses were so successful, that both organisations decided to create a long-term agreement. Main focus has been to assist Chinese Customs in their policy on organisation- and personnel development and to facilitate the trade and economic activities between our countries (e.g. by simplication of procedures and moderrn enforcement tools).

Facts and figures (until November 2000)
Trainees to The Netherlands 294(20 groups)
Attachment officials to The Netherlands 6 (3 attachment missions)
Experts to China 27 (9 missions)
Top-management delegations 7

Remarkable fact is that most of the 300 officials that have come over to the Netherlands belong to middle management. This is a deliberate choice to bring about sustained change in the organisation which sometimes is not possible when allassistance is directed towards top management. The co-operation between our two organisations is still felt to be very interesting for both countries. This believe is also shared by the business community of the Netherlands which is happy to sponsor parts of this project.

The recent new Agreement for 2001-2006 is intended to facilitate bilateral trade and economic activities further through mutual understanding of Customs legislation and practices and technical exchanges between the two Parties. The programme will include expert missions to the People's Republic of China to give lectures and provide consultancy, attachment programs, annual seminars on strategic management development or other key Customs issues of common concern.

Assistance in co-operation with other international organisations has taken place with WCO, UNDCP and a number of other organisations. We believe that for possible WTO activities in the field of capacity building there is a need for close co-ordination with other organisations involved in trade facilitation like Worldbank/IMF,WCO, UNCTAD and UN/CEFACT. Some of these organisations have extensive technical experience in this field and have "products" that can be delivered off the shelf so that there is no need to reinvent wheels.

In the last ten years we have encountered a number of difficulties in providing technical asssistance; we also found ways to address those difficulties. Based on those experiences there are four main recommendations I would like to formulate in case the WTO would engage in a programme of capacity building in the field of trade facilitation.

1. We should have good organisation in place to plan, co-ordinate and evaluate technical assistance and to monitor finance. Important to have serving customs officers and not to benefit private companies. Eurocustoms could serve as an example as well as similar institutions at national level.

2. The absorption capacity, especially in smaller administrations, is limited. In order to avoid overlapping missions or other activities, there is a need to prioritise assitance and not to run too much activities at the same time.

3. Experience shows that middle management is normally more stable than top management. Investing everything in top management only is not always productive in the long run.

4. When WTO would engage in capacity building in the field of trade facilitation it is important to liase closely with other organisations involved in aspects of trade facilitation like Worldbank/IMF,WCO, UNCTAD and UN/CEFACT.

I have started by saying in the beginning that customs is just one of the parties causing problems to international trade in the field of official rules and controls. Many prohibitions, restrictions and measures of control come from other ministries than Finance (where customs frequently falls under) that complicate customs controls or, even worse, are controlled by other more specialised inspection agencies (like the sanitary, fytosanitary or veterinary controls I have mentioned). Only when we look at that whole range of controls will we be able to really achieve something in the field of trade facilitation.

In that context I would, at the end of my presentation, like to touch very briefly upon the concept of single window that we have in operation at Amsterdam airport for some years now and are trying to introduce across the board in the Netherlands (including in the biggest seaport in the world Rotterdam). This concept has been put forward in earlier contributions of the European Commission and seems to us in the Nertherlands to be an absolute must for the future WTO involvement in trade faciltation. The concept in essence means that all data in respect of a consignment entering in a country should be lodged with one agency. Clearly, when we are talking about goods, the only logical agency is customs. Customs should also have the primary responsibility to check the data and to perform the necessary controls, unless these require such specific skills that only a specialised agency can carry them out properly. In those cases customs will need to co-ordinate these controls with possible own controls and see to it that the controls are carried out as soon as possible in order to allow rapid clearance of the goods.
This kind of single window concept requires top level political commitment. WTO could play a very important part in promoting the concept and thus in building up the necessary pressure to come to that political commitment.

“百”领！

oh my god !so长么!

是要参加过两天的比赛吗？？
呵呵 给我分我就不揭发（奸笑中。。。）

你是不是参加总署搞的英语演讲比赛阿！哈哈

你找的题目也太搞了吧！

海关AND。。。。哈哈

祝你成功，得个大奖！