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A computer, like any other machine, is used because it does certain tasks better and more efficiently than humans. Specifically, it can receive more information and process it faster than a human. Often, this speed means that weeks or months of pencil-and-paper work can be replaced by a method requiring only minutes of computer time. Therefore, computers are used when the time saved by using a computer offsets its cost. Further, because of its capacity to handle large volumes of data in a very short time, a computer may be the only means of resolving problems when time is limited. Because of the advantages of great speed and large capacity, computers are being used extensively in business, industry, and research. Most computer applications can be classified as either business (or data base related ) uses, which usually rely upon the computer's capacity to store and quickly retrieve large amounts of information, or scientific uses, which require accuracy and speed in performing mathematical calculations. Both of these are performed on general-purpose computers. We shall now describe a few examples of computer applications.
Design problems The computer is a very useful calculating tool for the design engineer. The wing design of a supersonic aircraft, for example, depends upon many factors. The designer describes each of these factors in the form of mathematical equations specified in a programming language. The computer can then be used to solve these equations for arbitrary input data.
Scientific and laboratory experiments In scientific and laboratory experiments, computers are used to evaluate, store and process information from numerous types of electronic sensing devices. Computers are particularly useful in such systems as telemetry, where signals must be quickly recorded or be lost. Such applications require rapid and accurate processing for both fixed conditions and dynamic situations.