白金戒指和钻戒的区别:篮球的起源 英语的

Basketball origin

In at the beginning of December, 1891 after the American Massachusetts state Springfield Young Men's Christian Association international training school (for spring field institute), invented by this school gym instructor James Smith Dr., the same year basketball rule only then 13, Dr. Smith died in 1939, died at the age of 78 years old. He not expects, founds the basketball project by him to spread the market condition unexpectedly in more than 200 countries, moreover until now American basketball also world-famous. Basketball merit invents which for commemoration Dr. Smith, has constructed American basketball celebrity hall - James in the spring field institute campus the Smith memorial hall.

At first, Smith do not sew two peaches baskets in the key body room on the stand parapet, on the peach basket along is away from the ground 3.04 meters, makes the competition tool with the soccer, throws to the basket. Throws a ball into the basket for 1 minute, according to scores points how many decision victories and defeats. After each time throws a ball the basket, must crawl the ladder to take out the ball makes a fresh start again the competition. Later gradually will change the bamboo basket the false bottom the hard basket, again will change under the iron ring to drift net.

To 1893, formed approximate modern the backboard, the basket circle and the basket network. The initial basketball game, to goes on stage the population, the location size, the competition time does not have the strict limit. Only needs both sides to attend the competition the population to have to be equal. The competition starts, the bilateral members stand separately outside two base lines, the referee calls the sentry post and throws the ball to the field among, both sides run to the field in scramble for the ball, start to compete. In 1892, Smith has formulated 13 contest rules, the main stipulation does not permit the holding to run, does not permit to have the boorish movement, does not permit with the fist to hit a ball, otherwise namely sentences violates a regulation 3 time violates a regulation continuously sentences the negative 1 minute; Competition time stipulation for on, latter half, each 15 minutes; Has also made the stipulation to the location size. Goes on stage the competition population to reduce gradually for each row 10 human, 9 human, 7 people, in 1893 decided as each team to go on stage 5 people.

In 1904 1st time has carried on the basketball exhibition match at the 3rd session of Olympics games. In 1908 US has formulated the national unification basketball rule, and has moves plants the language publication, distributes in the world, like this, the basketball movement spreads over the Americas, Europe and Asia gradually, becomes the worldwide basis movement project. In 1936 the 11th session of Olympic Games listed as the regulation game project the male basketball, and unified the world basketball contest rule, hereafter, to during more than 10 years 1948, the rule once many times revised, with the present rule related radical change was: Will score points the after center circle jump ball, will change loses the division to throw-in the ball in play outside the wings base line; The attack team must advance in 10 seconds the ball to the preceding performance; After the ball enters the preceding performance not to have again to return to the wings; Attacks the member not to have in to pause 3 seconds in "the restricted sector"; The shooting member when encroaches upon, hits the target penalty kick 1, cannot hit penalty kick 2 second-rate. In 1952 and in 1956 15th, in 162 session of Olympic Games' basketball game, appeared two meter above multi- people, the international extra-curricular basketball federation once two expanded basketballs location "the restricted sector" (also called "3 districts"); Also stipulated that, after a team controls the ball, must shoot in 30 seconds gets rid of. At the beginning of the 60's the related 10 seconds return to the wings with the ball the stipulation, after once because in 1960 the 17th session of Olympic Games cancelled center the field pattern to change the picture sideline the center point but to stop. After in 1964 18th session of Olympic Games, also restored center the field pattern, these stipulations continues to carry out. After in 1977 increased each row to be full 10 time violates a regulation, violated a regulation when the defense penalty kick two, guarded against when shooting violated a regulation two punishes has 1 time of center again Canada not to punish 1 time of stipulation. After in 1981 10 time violated a regulation the penalty kick stipulation to reduce to 8. Very obvious, personnel's change technology, the tactical development has caused the rule change, but the rule change promoted the personnel and technical, the tactical further development change. Since specially the 50's later period, the regular change to the basketball game offensive and defensive speed, to athlete's body, the technology, the tactic as well as the will, the attitude and so on various aspects all unceasingly proposed the new higher request, promoted the basketball technical level rapid enhancement, the female basketball is in 1976 at the 21st session of Olympic Games only then lists as the regulation game project.

The basketball movement was around 1896 spreads to China from the Tianjin China Young Men's Christian Association, afterwards in Beijing, in Shanghai Young Men's Christian Association also had this activity. Has held the male basketball exhibition match after at 1910 national games, in national each big city big, the middle school basketball activity develops gradually, by Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai develops well, the level high, then contest rule very was also simple, drew among the field to have 1 meter diameter the center to encircle approximately, behind when center member jump ball a hand had to put in the waist outside, any one did not have to tread fully leaves the pen. The technology is also simple, after center the circle jump ball, who receives ball oneself to dribble, surpasses defends the human on shooting. At that time only met the straight line to dribble the advance, passed a ball the method is in front of the list, both hands chest passes a ball, moves shooting is with the single-handed low hand in the basket, decided shooting regardless of far and near all were the low hand shoots with both hands abdomen in front of. Around 1925, attack and the defensive 5 athletes, had the explicit division of labor, the center to the center, the fullback to the vanguard.The human, observes closely own respectively match. But vanguard's responsibility attacks shooting by all means, no matter retreats; Fullback's responsibility is defends by all means rushes to block the ball, no matter shoots. The vanguard and the fullback very few entire audience move, only then the center wants the offensive and defensive proper attention to both. Later gradually will change two fullbacks 1 human of secondary attack (to move fullback), 1 person will remain behind to take care of things the wings (fixed fullback), two vanguards also will become 1 person to keep the preceding performance to specially manage the sneak attack, to quick attack, 1 person will retreat the wings to help guards against. The technical movement also has the development, moved shooting to appear has been single-handed, the master shoots, decides shooting to appear in front of both hands chest to shoot, passes a ball appears the list, both hands has struck passes a ball, dribbles appears two has personally handed over for dribbles dodges the technology which defensive and the surmounting defense prompted forward. In the rule increased penalty area, the member violates a regulation 4 time namely is cancelled the competition qualifications, violates a regulation the penalty kick to be possible to assign any 1 member host by party chief to punish. The competition time divides into, latter half each 20 minutes, among rests 10 minutes. After each time hits the target or punishes, all in the center circle jump ball, makes a fresh start the competition. But the Chinese basketball movement level later will have in 1926 enhanced greatly.

Nai·smith (nā'smĭth') , James 1861–1939.

Canadian-born American sports educator who originated the game of basketball (1891).

Basketball
Inspired mostly by a Canadian game he played as a child in Ontario, Canada called Duck-on-a-Rock, Naismith's basketball started December 15, 1891 with thirteen rules, twelve of which are still used today, a peach basket nailed to either end of the school's gymnasium, and two teams of nine players. On January 15, 1892 Naismith published the rules for basketball. The original rules did not include what we know today as the dribble. They initially only allowed the ball to be moved up the court via a pass. Following each "goal" a jump ball was taken in the middle of the court. Although it wasn't a rule, players would commonly use the dust of coal to cover the palms of their hands, allowing them to get a better grip on the ball. The coal palm was used up until the early 1930s when the Depression hit, making the raw materials very pricey. Also interesting was the rule surrounding balls out of bounds - the first player to retrieve the ball received possession.