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During the last 20 to 30 years, there has been a worldwide trend toward replacing covered electrodes for manual welding with other processes that allow a higher deposition rate and lend themselves better for automation (Ref.1).In spite of the fact that because of some particular features of the shielded metal arc welding process (Ref.2),it will not be completely replaced in the foreseeable future, and it is estimated that around 70% o fthe deposited weld metal will come from more efficient processes. Continuous wires are increasingly used, among them flux and metal cored wires that, due to the versatility of these welding consumables, can be produced in relatively small quantities of electrodes of a wide variety of weld deposits with different chemical compositions and which exhibit adequate mechanical properties for all –position welding(Refs3-5).
Among the different cored wire types, those used under gas protection can be classified as flux cored and metal cored wires. They present different characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. It is known that flux cored wires provide improved joint penetration, smooth arc transfer, low spatter level, and most important, are easier to use than solid wires(Refs6,7);with them it is also possible to achieve high deposition rates (Refs.6,7).Metal cored wires present an important technological advantage due to the near absence of slag, which makes them adequate for robotic welding (Refs.6,8).