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A system also is in place to control industrial discharges of pollutants into munici-
pal sewage. Industry must pretreat their wastewater to meet quality standards. These
standards are designed to prevent the introduction of pollutants into sewers that will
interfere with the operations of a POTW, including the use or disposal of its sludge, or
that will pass through the treatment works. These standards also are intended to

improve opportunities for recycling and reclaiming municipal and industrial wastewater
sludges. Discharges are prohibited that do the following20:
• Create a fire or explosion hazard in the sewers or treatment works
• Are corrosive (with a pH lower than 5.0)
• Obstruct flow because of solids or viscous materials
• Upset the treatment processes
• Increase the temperature of wastewater entering the treatment plant to more than
l04°F
• Add mineral, nonbiodegradable cutting or petroleum oils that pass through or
interfere with the treatment process
• Result in the presence of toxic gas vapors or fumes that may cause acute worker
health and safety problems
• Are trucked or hauled to discharge points not designated by the POTW
These regulations also are intended to ensure that the hazardous waste management sys-
tem is not circumvented through the use of municipal sewers.

Most of the regulatory burden for the pretreatment program is on local POTWs.
More than 1,500 POTWs have sufficient industry in their wastesheds to be required to
have a pretreatment program. Each POTW is required to identify all industrial sources
and the volume and characteristics of industrial discharge in its wasteshed. Using this
information, limits on problem dischargers are imposed that protect the POTW; this
program requires the POTWs to expend considerable resources (in industrialized com-
munities) to ensure that pretreatment requirements are met. Currently about 30,000 sig-
nificant industrial users of municipal sewers are being regulated under a pretreatment
program.21