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An integrated supply chain information infrastructure facilitates a customer oeder to be propagated and distributed to

various players of the supply chain ,namaely manufacturers .suppliers .and transporters. A customer order may be specified

as a set of products that are required to be delivered at defferent locations .each within a certain time window .A supply

chain problem in this context can be defined as the need of fulfill the customer oeder such that the cost of products(cost

of part .manufacturing and transportation) is minimaized and the quality specifications are met with.Due to the availability

of advanceed informationtechnology (IT)capabilities ,it is imperative that we integrate the decision_making processes of

these players to solve the problem.This particular notion has led to the popularrity of the concept called Enterprise

Resource Planning(ERP).The solution of the supply chain problem is a plan consisting of several non-conflicting individual

plans of each player.this plan is generated after several task allocation .distribution.and negotiation stages.However.there

is uncertainty associated with the elements or the decision variables that are considered during these stages.Hence ,a plan

undergoes re-planning steps during its execution.The re-planning of an original plan for the deliveryof goods often results

in prohibitive costs.The additional cost may trickle down to the customer or be burdened by one of the players.In many cases .an alternative plan does not exist at the time when the original planis conceived to have failed[93][87].Therefore ,it is necessary to use the environmental information such as the information about manufacturing,traval and service times and the behavior of different players (that are available due to advanced IT capabilities) to distribute the orders among the players effectively, and reduce the number of re-planning steps and the costs incurred in re-planning.This means ,we need to develop methods to anticipate failures and incorporate these possibilities in the orginal plan itself.