杭州交通信息网ios迅雷替代工具你懂得:求翻译，内容如下
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Introduction This chapter presents procedures for determining traffic effects, expressed as equivalent 80-kN single-axle load applications(ESAL),for input into the overlay design methods presented in Chapter 8 and 11. A standard procedure taken from Thickness Design-Asphalt Pavements for Highways and Streets is presented along with a simplified procedure taken from Asphalt Pavement Thickness Design. The standard procedure should be used unless detailed information regarding traffic characteristics is not available-in which case the simplified procedure, discussed at the end of this chapter, is applicable.
TRAFFIC VOLUME ESTIMATES
The number of axle loads expected to be applied to the pavement during a given period of time is a primary concern. Knowledge is required of the number and type of vehicles expected on the highway facility.
Most states, in cooperation with the U.S. Federal Highway Administration(FHWA).collect truck count and weight data every one or two years. Truck weight and vehicle count data are usually available from the local department of highways. Many other countries also collect this type of information.
When traffic count and classification data are not available, estimates can be obtained from the data given in Table 4-1.This table was compiled from truck count data collected by the states in cooperation with FHWA. The range of percentages in Table 4-1 indicates the probable range for the United States. Individual cases may be either smaller or larger than the range.
U.S. statistical data indicate that the volume of heavy trucks on all classes of American highway a averages about 7% of total traffic volume. Locally, a range of 2% to more than 25% heavy trucks can be expected. Ten percent heavy trucks are not uncommon on urban highways and the number varies from fewer than 5% to more than 25% heavy trucks can be expected
TRAFFIC VOLUME ESTIMATES
The number of axle loads expected to be applied to the pavement during a given period of time is a primary concern. Knowledge is required of the number and type of vehicles expected on the highway facility.
Most states, in cooperation with the U.S. Federal Highway Administration(FHWA).collect truck count and weight data every one or two years. Truck weight and vehicle count data are usually available from the local department of highways. Many other countries also collect this type of information.
When traffic count and classification data are not available, estimates can be obtained from the data given in Table 4-1.This table was compiled from truck count data collected by the states in cooperation with FHWA. The range of percentages in Table 4-1 indicates the probable range for the United States. Individual cases may be either smaller or larger than the range.
U.S. statistical data indicate that the volume of heavy trucks on all classes of American highway a averages about 7% of total traffic volume. Locally, a range of 2% to more than 25% heavy trucks can be expected. Ten percent heavy trucks are not uncommon on urban highways and the number varies from fewer than 5% to more than 25% heavy trucks can be expected
介绍这个章节提出方法为确定交通作用, 表示为等效80-kN 唯一轨装载applications(ESAL),为输入入覆盖物设计方法提出了在章节8 和11 里。 一个标准程序被采取从厚度设计沥青路面为高速公路和街道被提出与一个被简化的做法一起被采取从沥青路面厚度设计。 标准程序应该被使用除非详细的信息关于交通特征不是可利用在哪个案件被简化的做法, 谈论在这个章节的结尾, 是可适用的。
话务量估计
轨装载的数量准备向路面被运用在一个指定的时期是主要关心。 知识被要求数量和类型车被期望在高速公路设施。
多数状态, 在与U 合作下。S 。 联邦高速公路Administration(FHWA) 。收集卡车计数和重量数据每一个或二年。 卡车重量和车计数数据通常是可得到从高速公路的地方部门。 许多其它国家并且收集这类型信息。
当交通计数和分类数据不是可利用的, 估计可能被获得从数据被给在表4-1 。这张桌被编写了从卡车计数数据由状态收集在与FHWA 合作下。 百分比的范围在表4-1 表明可能的范围为美国。 各自的案件也许或小或大的比范围。
U 。S 。 统计数据表明重的卡车的容量在美国高速公路所有组每平均大约7% 总话务量。 当地, 范围的2% 对超过25% 重的卡车可能被期望。 百分之十重的卡车不是不凡的在都市高速公路并且数字变化从较少比5% 对超过25% 重的卡车可能被期望