决战江桥第三集:the story of castle

Dover Castle, one of the finest historic buildings in the world, has survived countless wars and invasions, and today stands atop Dover's famous White Cliffs in remarkably good condition. Attracting thousands of visitors every year from all over the world, Dover Castle is renowned for both its superb upkeep and its fascinating history.

The Norman Castle in Dover has the longest recorded history of any British fortress. The story of Dover Castle stretches as far back as the Iron Age, and continues up to and beyond the Second World War. King Henry II rebuilt the castle, realizing its strategic position just 20 miles from the shores of France. The castle was always strongly defended as Britain's frontline fortress, guarding not just the town of Dover but the whole island.

In 1216, a group of rebel barons had invited Louis VIII of France to come and take the English crown. Canterbury, Rochester and London had already fallen to Louis, and King John's forces were besieged by Prince Louis at Dover. The constable of the castle, Hubert de Burgh had successfully defended the castle at Chinon in 1205 and he had a well-supplied garrison of men. The siege began on 19 July. Louis' men successfully undermined the barbican and attempted to topple the castle gate, but De Burgh's men managed to repulse the invaders, blocking the breach in the walls with giant timbers. After three months spent besieging the castle, Louis called a truce on 14 October and soon after returned to London. However the Dover garrison repeatedly disrupted his communication with France, and Louis returned to Dover to begin a second siege on 12 May 1217. However, with many of his men involved in the siege, he suffered heavy defeats in the Battle of Lincoln on 20 May 1217. After another defeat at the Battle of Sandwich, Louis gave up his claim on the English throne. Dover Castle had stood firm.

Dover played a large role during the Napoleonic War periods (1792 - 1815). Many changes were made to the castle during this time most notably; the massive curtain walls of the castle were reduced in size to accommodate heavy gun platforms. The underground tunnels were also extended during this period, and were later used by the British war effort during World War II.

The castle grounds feature a wealth of historical relics and fascinating buildings: An Iron Age hill fort was built, of which the earthworks still remain to this day; a Roman settlement was built here leaving behind the unique lighthouse which was used to guide ships into the Roman port; from the Saxon period, the Church of St. Mary in Castro still stands in all its original beauty; the Norman Keep, built during the Middle Ages; Constable's Gate, built during the 13th century; and the underground tunnels at Hellfire Corner, used by Winston Churchill, can still be visited. Dover Castle is officially the most complete castle in the British Isles. Few castles anywhere have played such an active role in their country's history as Dover.

在旧高中英语教材中，有一篇故事介绍了1940年“敦刻尔克”跨海救援行动。1940年5月26日傍晚，英国下了决心，命令海军中将伯特兰·拉姆齐救出大约45000名英国远征军士兵，拉姆齐不得不动用一切可以动用的船只投入行动，最后征集了来自军方和民间的大大小小超过600艘船只，包括“太宝贵”的驱逐舰，在付出了6000多人的生命和200多艘船只之后，营救了338000人，创造了“敦克尔克奇迹”。在多佛城堡，展览着当时许多重要的信息。

多佛城堡位于多佛海峡的白色峭壁之巅，远方迷雾后面就是欧洲大陆。这道刀削斧劈一般笔直的白色峭壁属于石灰岩构造，很软，白色，感觉就跟粉笔的质地差不多，所以称为白色峭壁。多佛城堡原来只是一个天然小山包，公元1世纪，罗马人初次从多佛登陆仍是蛮荒之地的英国，打算把这里变成一座港口，于是建了3座灯塔为来往船只导航，如今多佛城堡里那座不成样子，看上去怪里怪气的圆柱形建筑残骸就是3座灯塔当中惟一经历两千年风霜洗礼而幸存的例外，成为罗马人统治下的英国的最后证据之一。
过了差不多1000年，英国人的祖先萨克逊人在公元1000年左右登陆多佛，在灯塔旁边添了一座设计优美的小教堂。12世纪七八十年代，英格兰国王亨利二世的军事工程师莫里斯决定重建这个小山包，整体规划包括外围的防御城墙和里面供居住和储藏物资用的主楼，使其成为中世纪西欧首座坚固堡垒，主要预备王室万一落难，也好有一个可以坚持抵抗一段时间的去处。因为城堡雄伟壮丽，而且地处海峡前沿，风景优美，偶尔也会接待王室成员来访度假。从那时起直到1945年二战结束，多佛城堡基本上一直担当军事用途。

我想找到一个城堡的故事,谁能告诉我?