优美的儿童诗歌:契诃夫是哪国作家!!!

俄国

他是俄罗斯的。

俄国 ，朋友

(АнтонПавловичЧехов1860～1904)

His novel is small and very shrewd, JIAN3 LIAN4 is simple, the structure tightly packed, the details is vivid, the style of writing humor, the language is clear quick, rich in music rhythm feeling, the implied meaning is deep.He was good at a detection to have the person of the typical model meaning and matter from the daily life, carrying on an art to generalize through a funny details of humor, molding a typical model image of integrity, reflecting the then Russian society with this.Its representative make 《change countenance a dragon 》,《set middleman 》be rated as consummate but perfect art delicacy in Russian literary history, the former becomes the pronoun that see breeze make rudder and be good at become mutually and speculate to make interest with;The latter becomes a lockstep,have too many fears,frightened change of sign symbol.

The underneath was a more detailed brief introduction:
The man А .П .(the АнтонПавловичЧехов 1860-1904)Russian novelist,drama house.Was living in on January 29th in 1860 the gave the man province tower sweet space City.The grandfather buys back freedom a serf.The father has ever set up sundries to spread, 1876 is bankrupt, the whole family moves into Moscow.But the man of stay alone sweet in the tower space, keep body and soul together and continue to attend school by holding the post of private tutor.1879 enters the Moscow university medical science to fasten.After graduate in 1884 at the elder brother of virtuous etc. the ground practise medicine, extensive contact civilian and understanding life, this had good influence to his literature creations.

Russia in 80's in 19 centuries, the books and periodicals of the reaction check system is unprecedented strict, vulgar boring of the humor publication become popular for a time.The man of starts create to often wait pen name toward this magazine(such as 《dragonfly 》,《break a slice 》) contributions especially by Anne's east sand .Short story 《a give learned friend of letter 》 (1880)with the humor essay 《in the long article, article etc. novel in the most familiar is what?》 (1880)it is the work that he announced in the early years.In 80's before middle period, he writes down the in great quantities humorous essay and the short story of the humor, a lot of is have no very worth of smile to anticipate with the interesting news, but also have some more excellent works among them, inherit a good tradition of the democratism of literature in Russia, acupuncture at that time social despicable phenomenon, if wrote strong stanza of vulgar deceit of small officialdom(《on the nail 》,《a officials' dead 》,《the victory of the victor 》, all 1883), bully private of the weak and master(《British woman 》1883), see the slave bone(《change countenance a dragon 》, 1884) that the breeze make rudder, the 卫 Taoist priest of the absolute monarchy system.(《 in rare don't leaf the man sergeant 》, 1885)But he forces in the living and the lack of experience, the main begged at that time hurriedly with fecundity.In March in 1886, in the writer space the is strange to write a letter to want his respect own artistic talent, he is inspire deeply, starting treating creations seriously.Write in 1886 of 《ten thousand cards 》,《distress 》with 1888 of 《the thirst sleep 》, express writer profoundly sympathetic toward to poor worker.The that publish in 1888 is novelette 《steppe 》description and praise the great universe of the motherlands, consider the destiny of the farmer, express people a life to the happiness of desire.《Assign name to a day 》 (1888)with 《duchess 》 (1889)etc. expose hypocritical,adore vainglory with the vulgar etc. bad habit.These works are thoughting the contents and the art techniques to all have obvious progress.But be subjected to the man of of[with] the small propertied class environment influence and don't ask a politics at this time,"want to be an artist of freedom", have to have"the most the most absolute freedom".He has published for the reaction scholar Su's fertile wood since 1886 of 《new Times 》write, although by critic the advice , still keep a relation with it.In October in 1888, the man of rare gold cash award" half the number.He is already the author whom 5 short stories gather at this time(《the plum wave the story of the plum 》, 1884;《Colourful story 》, 1886;《In duskly 》, 1887;《Innocent words 》, 1887;《The short story gather 》, 1888).The good reputation and position increase increasingly high, make him be aware of oneself as the social sense of responsibility of the writer strongly, deliberate the purpose of the life and the meaning of the creations in earnest.He say:"Self-conscious life, if lack an explicit global view, isn't a life, but a kind of burden, a kind of terrible affair."This kind of thought image earth's surface is novelette now 《dull story 》 (1889)in.

From this period, the man of starts create a drama.One-act play 《get married 》 (1890)with 《the bane of the theory tobacco 》 (1886),《stupid goods 》 (1888),《propose 》 (1888-1889),《a involuntarily of tragedy role 》 (1889-1890),《anniversary 》 (1891-1892)etc. the relaxed comedy is near to in his earlier period humor work in thoughting the contents and comedy.Manuscript 《 any promise man 》 (1887-1889)the judgment lack firm conviction and can not stand"the person of the surplus" of the 80's of[with] living test.

18904 go to December, the man of of the physically weak not the long and difficult journey, go to the sand government to settle bitter service to make and flow the criminal offender's Sakhalin peregrination, carry on inquisition one by one to yonder ll residents,"nearly 10,000 prisoners and immigrate".Sakhalin of go and raise his thought is awakening the artistic conception are with the creations.He said in a letter in 1891:"The …… if I am an author, I need life the middle …… I need a little social activities and political life at least at the people, which afraid few a little is all right."He starts detect to, for 《new Times 》write bring him to be just"disaster", rupture a relation with this publication in 1893 finally.He had deeper understanding to the absolutist system of Russia, writing 《Sakhalin 》 (1893-1894)with 《in the middle of banish 》 (1892)etc. work, but the most important of then move people's heart of 《 the sixth disease room 》.(1892)This is novelette to sue general sand in jail Russia of gloomy and terrible, also criticized him the Tolstoy doctrine of"not the violence anti- was bad" that infatuate with once lately by himself.The row reads rather it is severely infect behind, saying own"feel terrible pole", with the result that"stay and live in the room", "feel the oneself's good elephant also was close in' the sixth disease room'".

During 1890-1900 years, the man of has ever gone to grounds, such as Milan,Wearnes,Vienna and Paris...etc. to recuperate with the tour.Since 1892, he settles down fertile manor in the lately- purchase Moscow province thank the plum of the man County.In 1898, the body suffered from the man of the serious tuberculosis to move into tower.In 1901 he together the actor gram of the Moscow art theater the bluish green get married.In the tower of he often and row · Tolstoy,Al Gore ,cloth rather,the database the wood and row wait for someone to meet.

The 90's in 19 centuries and 20 centuries the initial stage is the golden age of the man creations.The Russian lib movement turned into the new stage of the proletariat revolution at that time.Student and the democracy spirit of the other residents stratum middle is gradually active under the emotionally wrought up motion surging of the revolution rank.The man of also overcomes and doesn't ask the tendency of the politics gradually, throwing in a social activity actively:In 1892 Be descending the promise man an elder brother virtuous province and fertile the province of gave relief to a famine;During 1892-1893 years Be thanking the work that the man County attends to put out cholera;Participated a census work in 1897;Supported French writer in 1898 left pull the justice activity that vindicated for the virtuous thunder blessing , and therefore neglected together Su the fertile wood's relation;In 1902 for protesting against the decision of the sand authorities cancel Al Gore's science reputation academician's qualifications in hospital, he with connected a section to give up science hospital reputation academician's title that acquired in 1900 together;He subsidized to be subjected to for fighting for the democracy freedom the youth student of[with] persecution in 1903.His democratism position is firm increasingly, is deeper to the observation of the bottom of the social activities, prepare feeling to the revolution in the ferment also increasingly clear and distinct, from in the reality of the utter darkness see arrive gradually ambiguously of"light of fire".His creations turned into a new stage.He emphasize the art work should have explicit thought;(manuscript 《sea gull 》, 1896)He comes in contact with an important social problem in a series of work.For example 《farmer 》 (1897)with awake realism reflect the material of the farmer and the indigence of the spiritual life:Poor,ignorant,fall behind with the barbarism;《In the canyon 》 (1900)described the village propertied class also-the rich agriculture loots the wealth and cruel man's natural character madly.These novels are emollient to people's parties that beautifies the village commune life contradictorily.The topic that makes public capitalism also is see in 《the chemisette Kingdom 》 (1894)with 《three years 》 (1895)etc. work;And 《visit patients at home 》 (1898)express capitalism then"devil" not only squeezes a worker, but also also torments the conscience of the mill-owner descendant, they are aware of a life unmeaningful with not reasonable, as a result deeply feel suppress uneasy.Manuscript 《ten thousand second uncle 》 (1897)describe to without real ideal with the knowledge member of[with] serious target of can sad destiny, their morally upright have no private labor to become meaningless sacrifice eventually.《Take the woman of the dog 》 (1899)take love as a topic, expose vulgar with false, arouse a reader"to muddle-minded of, the abhorrence of the living …… of the neither dead nor alive".《Take the house of the attic 》 (1896)with 《my whole life 》 (1896)negate to spread in 80-90's of,use"small matter" ory that the daily pursuit replaces a social conflict, criticize liberalist gradually into the theory thought, think to need a kind of"stronger,braver and quicker conflict method", come out the narrow turn of the daily activity son, go to influence large crowd.Rang out gradually in his creations"can't again so living descend!"Of noise of shouting.Announce to public the reaction strength to inhibit society in 80's in 《 the set the middleman 》 (1898) and their conservative with weak, and castigated to exist at that time of set middleman bad habit.Strange in 《 the vinegar 》 (1898) with 《 the 》 (1898)in he depict selfish,the is empty and degenerative in personal mind of common man of happy little world, and point out"what person need isn't three Chinese foot lands, is not a manor either, but the whole Earth, the whole great universe, there in the large world, the talented person's bility develops all quality and characteristics of his free spirit heartily".

Along with society at the beginning of 20 centuries sport of further upsurge, the man of be aware of a strong,rinse everything of"storm" will soon condescend to come, society in of lazy,inhospitality,disgust labor etc. bad habit will drive a sweep but light.He praises a labor, hope everybody to take own work as fine of will preparation in the future.(《three sisters 》, 1900-1901)Write in the night before last of 1905 revolution of 《bride 》 (1903)expressed to want"turn over a body of lifes" and rush to leave for the desire that the freshman live.Manuscript 《the cherry Taoyuan 》 (1903-1904)display nobility of without can avoid of decline and from the history process replace by newly arisen propertied class, express to take leave and look forward to future optimistic motion of happiness in the past resolutely and together in the meantime:The ax voice of lumbering in the cherry Taoyuan accompany with"the freshman live banzai!"Of war whoop.However never surmount the category of the democratism because of the thought position of the man of , the New appointees of his style of writing all don't know to establish a brand-new life necessarily from its road, they hope earnestly of"the freshman live" always just a kind of dim moonlight of imagine.

In June in 1904, the man of housebound feeling depravation, go to the German BA DENG WEI2 treatment, pass away over there on July 15th, the body luck returns to Moscow to bury.
The man of created a kind of style special,speech JIAN3 YI4 GAI,art consummate sentiment mental novel.He intercepts the daily life of the part banality, with lend a delicate art detail to make a true description and depict to the life and the person, from in display an important social contents.This kind of novel expresses feelings smell heavy, express him to the despicable reality of disaffection and to fine look forward to in the future, praise and devaluate to suppress,pleased with pain and sufferings of the feeling melt in the image system of the work.He think:"The sister of the genius is JIAN3 LIAN4", "the skill of the writing be write the bad place delete of skill".He promotes to describe"objectively", say"BE more objective give person of impression more deep".The imagination of the his trust reader and comprehend an ability, lays claim to let the connotation that the reader cuts and polish a work from the image system by himself[herself].

俄国作家,世界三大短篇小说巨匠之一.另两位是美国的马克吐温和欧亨利

俄国