官字意思是什么:题目为studying abroad的课文

Unit Four

　　Section A Studying Abroad

　　I. Objectives
　　1. Skills:
　　1）Reading: The particular reading skill introduced for this unit is reading for the key ideas in sentences.
　　2) Writing: Use devices such as: pronoun reference, substitution, synonyms, derivatives and general term for a specific key word or a specific term for a general key word. Give the general statement and show the reasons to support it.
　　3) Listening: Understanding the passages about study, listening for the main idea and the important details, learning to take notes while listening
　　4) Speaking: Talking about going abroad
　　2. Vocabulary development:
　　1) Words: departure, routine, host, authority, oversea, deduct, accustomed, descend, domestic, adapt, pine, nourish, command, fare, territory, shrink, landscape, tedious, forbid, dynamic, prosperous, objection

　　2) Expressions: far from, live through, dream of, plan on, work out, hit the target, feel sick, in the event of, take on, take along, cope with, has to do with, have a command of, in turn, leave behind,, bring with, dress sb. In, with a heavy heart, make sure, after all.
　　3. Grammar:

　　1) “it” as the formal subject: It is + adj. + to do sth.
　　2) conjunctions: as long as

　　II. Teaching arrangement
　　1.Total class time for this unit: 8 periods
　　2. Suggested arrangement:
　　1) pre-reading activities: 15'
　　2)understanding the structure of text A: 25'
　　3) detailed study of the language: 30'
　　4) grammar: 20'
　　5) exercises: 35'
　　6) reading skills: 15'
　　7) detailed study of the language of text B: 30'
　　8) writing skills: 10'
　　9) comprehensive exercises: 45'
　　10) supplementary reading and vocabulary exercises: 45'
　　11) listening : 90’

　　III. Pre-reading Activities―Look, Listen and Say

　　1. Dictation
　　You are going to hear 5 sentences. Each will be read three times. Write down the sentences according to the dictation.
　　○1. For the majority, the decision to study abroad is taken only after a period of at least six months of careful planning.
　　○2. Each teenager is expected to cover his or her own expense for articles for personal use, entertainment, long-distance telephone calls and clothing.
　　○3. Even though friends and family support the idea of going, it is difficult to say good-bye at this moment.
　　○4. Eventually, a man speaking broken Polish approaches us, takes us to the ticket window, and then helps us board on train.
　　○5. From now on, my life will be divided into two parts, with the line drawn by that train.
　　2. Questions & Answers
　　○1Do you want to study abroad? Why or why not?
　　○2What problems do you think you will meet if you study abroad?
　　○3How will you cope with them?

　　IV. Structure Analysis & Major writing techniques:
　　Structure analysis
　　Central topic: The purposes of going abroad and the various challenges of studying in a different country.
　　Studying abroad(the whole passage)
　　Current situation(Paras.1-2)
　　Purposes of Going abroad(Paras.3-4)
　　Challenges of Studying abroad (Paras. 5-12)
　　1) Finding a host family (Para. 5)
　　2) Covering all kinds of expenses (Para. 6)
　　3) Learning to take care of themselves (Para. 7)
　　4) Saying good-bye to your loved ones (Para. 8)
　　5) Getting accustomed to a different culture (Para. 9)
　　6) Getting used to foreign food and overcoming homesickness (Para. 10)
　　7) Following the schedule set by host “parents” (Para. 11)
　　8) he cost of acquiring a good command of English (Para. 12)
　　Major writing techniques

　　Exemplification
　　Typical sentences
　　1)(Para. 4) Others dream of continuing on to college. “I want to be a conductor, and I’ve chosen the best American music school,” specifies Sandro Rodrigo de Barros.
　　2)(Para. 10) After a few days, the general complaint is about the food. “Even though I adapted easily, I really miss rice and beans.”
　　General statement followed by explanations
　　Typical sentences
　　1) (Para. 8)
　　General statement: Even though friends and family support the idea of going, it is difficult to say good-bye at this moment.
　　Explanation: “It’ s not easy to leave behind the people you love, especially a boyfriend. I cried at the departure and I cried on the plane too,” says Patricia Caglian.
　　2) (Para. 9)
　　General statement: Another moment of tension descends while students await the domestic flight that will take them to their temporary home in America.
　　Explanation: From then on it’s everyone for himself. No one really knows how she/he will adapt to such new customs. Though most foreign students remain in California, some are sent to Texas, Arizona, Idaho, Oklahoma or Virginia.

　　V. Words
　　1. departure n. [U, C] going away 离开，离去，出发
　　[C, U] (from) action different from (what is usual or
　　expected) 背离
　　1)His departure was quite unexpected. 他的离去出人意料。
　　2) To allow these changes would be a significant departure from tradition. 容忍这些改变意味着背离传统。
　　2. routine adj. usual; regular 日常的，常规的，例行的
　　n [C, U] fixed or regular way of doing things 例行公事（手续），常规
　　1)My job is so routine and dull. I hate it. 我的工作如此死板乏味。我实在不喜欢。
　　2) She found it difficult to set up a new routine after the end of her career. 她发现退休后很难建立起新的生活规律了。
　　3. host n. [C] 主人，东道主. [C] 主持人. (of) 大量, 许多
　　1)This city was host to 550,000 visitors last year. 这个城市去年接待了55万游客。
　　2) Our host for tonight’s show is Terry Wogan. 今晚演出的主持人是泰莉?沃根。
　　3) The research group headed by Dr. Johnson is faced with a host of difficulties. 以约翰逊博士为首的研究组面临着很多困难。
　　4.authority n .(usu. pl.) 掌权的人, 掌权的一班人, 当局
　　[C] a person with special knowledge 具有专业 知识的人, 权威
　　[U] 权力，权威，权势
　　1)This is the idea of higher authorities. 这是上级的意思。
　　2) He is a famous international authority on shipbuilding. 他是国际著名的造船权威。
　　3) She now has authority over the people she used to take orders from.
　　她现在有权对过去指挥过她的那些人发号施令了。
　　5. overseas a. (at, to, from, etc. places or countries) across the sea; foreign (在、到、来自) 海外的，外国的
　　ad. across the sea; abroad 在海外；在国外
　　1)We are trying to build up overseas markets for our cars.
　　我们正设法为我们的汽车开拓海外市场。
　　2) Many more people travel overseas for their holidays now than used to be the case.
　　现在比以前有更多的人去海外度假。
　　6. deduct vt. take away (an amount or part) 扣除，减去
　　deduction n. 减除, 扣除, 减除额
　　1) Poor plumbing deducts from the value of the house.
　　低劣的水管装置从房子的价格中扣除了。
　　2) My employer deducted a pound from my wages this week.
　　我的雇主从我本周的工钱中扣除了1英镑。
　　7. accustomed a. usual 惯常的
　　(~ to sth.) used to (sth.) 习惯于
　　1)He took his accustomed seat by the fire. 他坐在火炉边他常坐的位置上。
　　2) The child was accustomed to having her way. 这孩子任性惯了。
　　8. descend vi. come, fall, or sink from a higher to a lower level; go down下来，下降
　　1)We turned the corner and saw that the road descended sharply.
　　我们转过弯，看到路陡然下斜。
　　2)The sun descended over the western hills.
　　日落西山。
　　3)He descended the ladder.
　　他从梯子上爬下来。
　　9. domestic a. of or inside a particular country, not foreign or international 国内的，本国的; of the home, house or family 家的，家庭的，家务的
　　1)Domestic public opinion had turned against the war.
　　国内的公众舆论反对战争。
　　2)Many women feel they cannot apply for the top jobs because of domestic duties.
　　许多妇女认为，由于家庭责任的原因，她们不能去争取最好的工作
　　10. adapt vi. become accustomed to new conditions, etc. 使适应（新情况）
　　vt. make sth. suitable for a new use, situation, etc.
　　使适应（新用途，新情况）
　　1)When we moved to France, the children adapted to the change well.
　　我们搬到法国时，孩子们很顺利地适应了这一变化。
　　2)These trees adapted themselves more easily to the red earth of this region. 这些树木比较容易适应这个地区的红土。
　　11. nourish vt. keep (a person, an animal or a plant) alive and well with food 滋养，给予营养，养育; have or increase (a feeling, etc.) 持有或怀有（情绪）；增进（情感）
　　1)Most plants are nourished by water drawn up through their roots.
　　大部分植物依赖其根所吸水分来获得营养。
　　2) Lisa has long nourished the hope of becoming a famous writer.
　　利萨长期以来一直希望能成为一位名作家。
　　12. command n. [U] (usu. sing.) ability to use or control sth. 掌握;控制
　　[C] an order 命令

　　v. be able to use (sth.) 能够支配，可以使用
　　(of sb. in authority) tell (sb.) that he must do sth.; 人order（指上级，当局）命令，指挥
　　1)He has a good command of the French language.
　　他精通法语。
　　2) He hated being in the army because he had to obey commands.
　　他讨厌当兵，因为他必须服从各种命令。
　　3) She commands great wealth. 她拥有大量财富。
　　4) She commanded that the army cross the water. 她命令部队过河。

　　VI. Expressions
　　1. far from (L.2) 远离 ；决不
　　2. as long as （L.3） 只要
　　3. live through (L.2) 度过, 经受过
　　4. dream of doing sth. 做梦, 梦见, 梦到，向往, 渴望
　　5. work out (L.5) 可以解决, 设计出, 做出, 计算出, 消耗完
　　6. plan on打算, 计划
　　7. hit the/a target (L.5) 达到目的；中肯
　　8. take on (L.7) 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担
　　9. cope with (L.7) 与??????竞争, 应付
　　10. feel sick (L.10) 厌烦，不喜欢；恶心
　　11. have to do with (L.50) 与??????有关
　　12. have a command of (L.12) 运用能力；掌握
　　13. in turn (L.12) 反过来；轮流

　　VII. Patterns
　　1. spend time/money (in) doing sth. / on sth.
　　Now more and more city adults spend their leisure time trying to improve themselves at school or college.
　　现在城市里越来越多的成年人利用业余时间到学校或大学去深造
　　2. It is + adj. + to do sth.
　　It is very necessary to review what we learnt in the class.
　　3. have difficulty (in) doing
　　If you are indulged in the Internet, you will gradually have difficulty in communicating with people in real life.
　　4. in the event of … 万一??????的话；倘若
　　In the event of rain, the game will be postponed. 要是下雨，球赛就延期。
　　5. including… 包括，跟在主句后面作补充说明。
　　The company has 300 employees, including 36 management staff.
　　这家公司有300名雇员，包括36名管理人员。

　　Section B Experiences in Exile

　　I.Reading Skills: Reading for the Key Idea in a Sentence
　　Although a sentence may give a great deal of information, it usually offers one key idea. Readers should learn to find the key idea in order to understand the meaning of a sentence clearly.
　　The key idea of a sentence usually tells:
　　a) what a person or an object is
　　b) what a person or an object is doing
　　In order to find the key idea of a sentence we have to:
　　a) ask who or what the sentence is about;
　　b) ask what the person or object is doing, or what is happening to the person or object;
　　c) learn to separate details from the key idea.
　　Many words in a sentence describe things about the subject of the sentence and only add details around it. If we ask when, what kind, where, or why, we will find details. As a result it will be easier for us to see the key idea.
　　II. Language points:
　　1. territory n. [C, U] 1. 领土，领地，版图
　　2. 领域，势力范围
　　The UN is sending aid to the occupied territories. 联合国向被占领区提供救援。
　　He seems to regard that end of the office as his territory.
　　他似乎把办公室的那一端视作是他的个人地盘。
　　2. shrink vi. & vt. (shrank, shrunk 或 shrunken, shrinking)
　　（由于受热或水的作用）缩小，使变小；短缩
　　（常与from连用）退缩；回避
　　The dress shrank when I washed it. 这件衣服洗后缩水了。
　　A shy man shrinks from meeting strangers.
　　羞怯的人怕见生人。
　　3. landscape n. [C] scenery of an area of land 陆上风景
　　[C] a view or picture of the countryside
　　风景画
　　The landscape was destroyed by coal mining. 自然景观由于挖煤而受到了破坏。
　　Turner is one of Britain’s best-known landscape painters.
　　特纳是英国最著名的风景画家之一。
　　4. tedious adj. tiring, because of being too long, slow or dull; boring
　　冗长的，沉闷的，乏味的
　　We had to sit through several tedious speeches.
　　我们不得不坐在那里听完那几个冗长而乏味的发言。
　　5. forbid vt. order sb. not to do sth. 不许，禁止
　　I can’t forbid you to see that man again.
　　我不能禁止你再与那个人见面。
　　6. dynamic n. 精力充沛的，有活力的, 动力的
　　She’s young and dynamic and will be a great head of the department.
　　她年轻、精力充沛，定将成为该部门出色的领导。
　　7. prosperous adj. successful, esp. financially 成功的，繁荣的，兴盛的
　　It’s hard to believe that in this prosperous country, hunger could be a serious problem.
　　很难相信在这个富裕的国家里，饥饿会成为一个严重的问题
　　8. objection n. [C, U] 厌恶，异议，反对 [C] 反对的理由
　　The only objection is that it may cost us more than you think.
　　惟一的异议在于我们的花费要比你想像的更多。

　　III. Writing: Working toward coherence II
　　1. Introduction: There are two devices that will help you achieve coherence in your writing:
　　― transitional words and phrases that show specific kinds of relationships
　　― the repetition of or reference to key terms
　　We have discussed the former in Unit 3. In this unit, we’ll focus on the latter. As you write, you will constantly look back by referring to concepts or items that you have already mentioned. To avoid confusion resulting from needless repetition of terms or ideas mentioned previously, you use devices such as: pronoun reference, substitution, synonyms, derivatives, general term for a specific key word or a specific term for a general key word.
　　Pronoun reference: When you make repeated mention of a particular item, you use a pronoun in reference to it, instead of naming it again. The pronouns you may use are either personal (he, she, it, they…), demonstrative (this, that, these…) or relative (who, whom, which…).
　　Substitution: Substitution can also be used to avoid useless repetition. Commonly used substitutions include: here, there, now, then, this way, thus, such, this kind of, the same, to that extent, to such a degree.
　　Synonyms: If you have to refer to a certain key word yet you don’t want to repeat it, you may use its synonym.
　　Derivative: derivation is also used for reference to a key word when the key word needs to appear in another sentence in a different part of speech.
　　General term in reference to a specific key word or a specific term to a general key word: When you want to restate a certain word, you may also use a general term to summarize the key word or use a specific word to clarify it.
　　2. Practice: write a paragraph which starts with a general statement and is followed by some reasons.
　　General statement: Parents have saved a large amount of money for their children to study abroad.
　　Reasons: Pay for the international flight, food shelter, entertainment, long-distance telephone calls and clothing, some more money, unexpected expenses.
　　3. Sample For Reference:
　　Parents have to save a large amount of money for their children to study abroad. Apart from the international flight, the children have to pay for their own expenses such as food, shelter, entertainment, long-distance telephone calls and clothing. In addition, the children should have some money ready to cover some unexpected extra expenses.

　　IV. Supplementary Exercises

　　1. Vocabulary
　　1. He ordered curry as a ________ from his usual bland diet.
　　A. departure B. aparture C. department D. apartment
　　2. The Personnel Manager ______ down the list of names of the applicants.
　　A. stared B. gazed C. glanced D. peered
　　3. The government gave us a _______ to build another classroom.
　　A. budget B. money C. allowance D. grant
　　4. I am _____________ to sleeping late.
　　A. good B. accustomed C. fond D. like
　　5. She is not a competent driver and can’t ____ with driving in heavy traffic.
　　A. tackle B. handle C. cope D. do
　　6. He _______ himself to the cold weather.
　　A. adapted B. used C. adopted D. rejected
　　7. “The more dangers we _______, the harder should we push forward.”
　　A. counter B. encounter C. count D. enforce
　　8. Einstein was really a great man who is able to ________ everyone’s respect.
　　A. order B. request C. command D. require
　　9. He spends 2,000 yuan on train ____ every year.
　　A. mare B. fair C. pare D. fare
　　10. A written word is a sign of a certain sound, and sound is ______ the sign of an idea.
　　A. by turn B. in return C. in turn D. on the turn
　　11. We had a _______ night at the theater last night.
　　A. tremendous B. tremble C. temple D. tempo
　　12. ________ space surrounds the Earth.
　　A. Definite B. Countless C. Endless D.Infinite
　　13. The doctor __________ him to smoke.
　　A. asks B. suggests C. forbids D. bans
　　14. The general public _______ to the use of drugs.
　　A. reject B. object C. against D. oppose
　　15. Mary paid the bill _______ dollars.
　　A. with B. on C. in D. by

　　B. Reading comprehension:

　　Passage 1
　　A historical change is taking place in higher education. Professors are being held responsible as never before for how well they serve students. It has become as common in college and universities for students to grade professors as professors to grade students.
　　In fact, student ratings have become the most widely used and , in many cases, the only source of information on teaching effectiveness. A comparison of three studies of the same 600 four-year colleges showed that the number of colleges using student ratings to evaluate teachers had climbed from 29% to 68% to 86%. No other method of evaluation approached that degree of usage.
　　One reason that student evaluations of teachers have become so popular is that they are easy to administer and to score. But they also are easy to abuse. If they are to throw meaningful light on teachers’ performance, the ratings must be used in a way that reflects at least some of what we’ve learned about them from research and from experience. Research and experience have shown us that there is much more to teaching than what is evaluated on student rating forms. When ratings are used, we know that students should not be expected to judge whether the materials used in a course are up to date or how well the teacher knows the subject matter of the course. These judgements require professional background and are best left to the professor’s colleagues. On the other hand , students should be asked to estimate what they’ve learned in a course, and to report on such things as a professor’s ability to communicate at the students’ level, professional behavior in the classroom, relationship with students, and ability to stimulate interest in the subject.
　　1.From the passage we learn that ________.
　　a.students are now responsible for grading professors
　　b.student rating is the only valid means of evaluating teaching effectiveness at the moment
　　c.professors are now responsible for grading students
　　d.professors are now becoming more responsible for their teaching
　　2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
　　a.Student evaluations of teachers are popular because they are accurate.
　　b.In student ratings, students should not be asked questions that require professional background.
　　c.Student ratings can be used under any circumstances.
　　d.All colleges are inclined to use student ratings to evaluate teachers.
　　3.By saying “But they also are easy to abuse”(Para. 3) the author means that __________.
　　a.teachers are easy to be misunderstood
　　b.teachers are easy to be wronged
　　c.student ratings can easily be put to wrong use
　　d.student ratings can easily be made use of to attack teachers
　　4.In student ratings all the following questions can be asked except ______ .
　　a.Is what is taught new?
　　b.Are studen

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