华图教育招聘网:why "the westiminister act"was passed in 1922 by the british parliament?

westiminister 应该是westminster你多打了一个i，在检索的时候会遇到困难。希望下面这个回答对你有所帮助。：）

The Sinn Féin deputies abstained from taking their seats at Westminster and instead held the first meeting of Dáil Éireann in January 1919, where they approved the Declaration of Independence, adopted a Provisional Constitution and established a court system. British attempts to suppress what it regarded as a seditious association were met with armed nationalist resistance in what was called the War of Independence. In an effort to resolve the Irish question, Westminster passed the Government of Ireland Act, 1920, which partitioned Ireland into Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland, each with its own parliament. Both parliaments would be ultimately subject to the English Parliament and would be required to send some members to sit in Westminster. The Act reorganised the court system in each jurisdiction to comprise a High Court and Court of Appeal, as well as a High Court of Appeal for Ireland to hear appeals from the respective Courts of Appeal.

Elections for the new parliaments were held in May 1921. Despite having rejected the Act, Sinn Féin declared that the elections were to be regarded as elections to Dáil Éireann. It won 124 of the 128 seats to what in the terms of the 1920 Act - was the House of Commons of Southern Ireland. In Northern Ireland the Act had been accepted and its parliament was opened in June 1921.

A truce with Britain was agreed in July 1921, followed by peace negotiations which resulted in the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 6th December 1921. It provided for the establishment of the Irish Free State, the possibility of a unified Ireland, albeit with an opt-out clause for Northern Ireland. It would have dominion status within the British Commonwealth, the Crown would be retained as head of state, represented by a Governor General, and members of the Oireachtas would be required to swear an oath of allegiance to the Crown. Northern Ireland duly opted out of a united Ireland. In January 1922 the Treaty was approved by the Dáil.

Westminster passed the Irish Free State (Constitution) Act, 1922, which repealed the Government of Ireland Act, 1920 in so far as it applied to Southern Ireland. The Dáil enacted the Constitution of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann) Act, 1922, implementing the Irish Free State Constitution, which was based on the terms of the Treaty. The Constitution enshrined the separation of powers between the executive, legislative and judicial arms of government. On the judicial side, a Supreme Court, High Court and courts of local and limited jurisdiction were established. The Constitution provided a right of appeal from Irish courts to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The transition to the new court system was complicated by the fact that two court systems had been in operation since 1920: the ordinary court system and the 'Dáil courts'. The latter comprised the Parish Court, which dealt with the most minor civil and criminal matters, the District Court, which dealt with more serious civil and criminal matters and which heard appeals from the Parish Court, a Circuit Court composed of four circuits, with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction and a Supreme Court, operating as both a court of first instance and an appellate court. While successfully suppressed by the British in Dublin, these courts operated with some success elsewhere. Following the signing of the Treaty, the Dáil wound up these courts and adopted the court system created under the 1920 Act. The courts established pursuant to the Free State Constitution later held that decisions of the Dáil courts were void in law (see R (Kelly) v Maguire [1923] 2 I.R. 58).