买房面签是什么意思:急啊,帮帮忙

无能为力1.
我家门前有两家卖老豆腐的小店。一家叫“潘记”，另一家叫“张记”。两家店是同时开张的。刚开始，“潘记”生意十分兴隆，吃老豆腐的人得排队等候，来得晚就吃不上了。潘记的特点是：豆腐做得很结实，口感好，给的量特别大。相比之下，张记老豆腐就不一样了，首先是豆腐做得软，软得像汤汁，不成形状；其次是给的豆腐少，加的汤多，一碗老豆腐半碗多汤。因此，有一段时间，，张记的门前冷冷清清。有一天早上，因为我起床晚了，只好来到张记的豆腐店。吃完了一碗老豆腐，老板走过来，笑着问我豆腐怎么样。我实话实说：“味道还行，就是豆腐有点软。”老板笑了笑，竟有几分满意的样子。我说：“你怎么不学学潘记呢？”老板看着我说：“学他什么呀？”我说：“把豆腐做得结实一点呀！”老板反问我：“我为什么要学他呢？”沉思了一下，老板自我解释说：“我知道了，你是说，来我这边吃豆腐的人少，是吗？”我点点头。老板建议我两个月以后再来，看看是不是会有变化。

大概一个多月后，张记的门前居然真的排起了长队。我很好奇，也排队买了一碗，看看碗里的豆腐，仍然是稀稀的汤汁，和以前没什么两样，吃起来，也是从前的味道。老板脸上仍然挂着憨厚的笑，我也笑着问：“能告诉我这其中的秘诀吗？”老板说：“其实，我和潘记的老板是师兄弟。”我有些惊讶：“那你们做的豆腐不一样呀？”老板说：“是不一样。我师兄———潘记做的豆腐确实好，我真比不上；但我的豆腐汤是加入好几种骨头，再配上调料，再经过12个小时熬制而成，师兄在这方面就不如我了。”见我还有些不解，老板继续解释：“这是我师傅特意传授给我们的。师傅说，生意要想长远，就必须有自己的特长。师傅还告诉我们，‘吃’的生意最难做，因为众口难调，人的口味是不断变化的，即使是山珍海味，经常吃也会烦，因此师傅传给我们不同手艺。这样，人们吃腻了我师兄的豆腐，就会到我这里来喝汤。时间长了，人们还会回到我师兄那里。再过一段时间，人们又会来我这里。这样，我们师兄弟的生意就能比较长远地做下去，并且互不影响。”我试探地问：“你难道就不想跟师兄学做豆腐么？”老板却说：“师傅告诉我们，能做精一件事就不容易了。有时候，你想样样精，结果样样差。”张记老板的这番话，我以为除与老豆腐有关，与一个人的择业、一个人一辈子的坚守似乎都有些关联……

2
现在一般都认为中国古代的帝王总是自称“孤”、“寡”是他们为了表示天下唯我独尊，舍我其谁的“天子”的气势，其实这只是一个方面。《老子》认为，天没有清静恐怕就要破灭，地没有安宁恐怕就要倾覆，河谷没有满盈就可能干涸，而如果帝王不重视自己的高贵地位就要垮台。贵，必须要以“贱”为根本；高，必须以“下”为基础。这其实也是帝王自称为孤寡的原因之一。

根据《次柳氏旧闻》，曾经有这样一个有趣的故事：唐肃宗在当太子的时候有一天陪着唐玄宗一起进餐。餐桌上摆满了各种佳肴，其中有一盘羊腿，唐玄宗就让太子去割羊肉。太子割完羊肉后，见手上都是油污，便顺手拿起一张面饼擦手。唐玄宗眼睛直盯着他的脸，露出不高兴的神色。太子擦完手，慢慢地把饼送到嘴边，有滋有味地把饼吃掉了。这时唐玄宗转怒为喜，对太子说：“人就应该这样……”

唐玄宗贵为天子，却能爱惜粮食，是很不容易的。当他看到太子以面饼擦手时，就很恼火，以为太子是在糟蹋粮食；当又看到太子从容地将擦过手的面饼吃掉时，又转怒为喜，认为太子和自己一样，能“以贱为本”。

现代有很多领导，在走上领导岗位以前，总是兢兢业业，勤俭持家，对工作认真负责，对同事极为客气尊重，得到大家的一致好评；但当他自认为在领导的位置上坐稳以后，就慢慢开始体恤不到自己手下员工的疾苦，不能或者不愿真正地去了解他们的工作与生活，开始变得高高在上，大肆挥霍。在中国，自古以来官本位思想一直制约着很多人，这使人们在掌握了权力以后总会不知不觉从心里产生一种自满情绪，只看到前面的似锦前程，却忘了脚下铺路的碎石。

“水能载舟，亦能覆舟”，掌握权利之柄，更要重视底层民众，这也是管理好一个团队必须具有的素质和才能。

当一个人或一个企业认为他们很成功时，也正是他们“瓦匠吃中饭——走下坡路”的时候了。

3.
望梅止渴

English

有一年夏天，曹操率领部队去讨伐张绣，天气热得出奇，骄阳似火，天上一丝云彩也没有，部队在弯弯曲曲的山道上行走，两边密密的树木和被阳光晒得滚烫的山石，让人透不过气来。到了中午时分，士兵的衣服都湿透了，行军的速度也慢下来，有几个体弱的士兵竟晕倒在路边。

曹操看行军的速度越来越慢，担心贻误战机，心里很是着急。可是，眼下几万人马连水都喝不上，又怎么能加快速度呢？他立刻叫来向导，悄悄问他：“这附近可有水源？”向导摇摇头说：“泉水在山谷的那一边，要绕道过去还有很远的路程。”曹操想了一下说，“不行，时间来不及。”他看了看前边的树林，沉思了一会儿，对向导说：“你什么也别说，我来想办法。”他知道此刻即使下命令要求部队加快速度也无济于事。脑筋一转，办法来了，他一夹马肚子，快速赶到队伍前面，用马鞭指着前方说：“士兵们，我知道前面有一大片梅林，那里的梅子又大又好吃，我们快点赶路，绕过这个山丘就到梅林了！”士兵们一听，仿佛已经吃到嘴里，精神大振，步伐不由得加快了许多。

故事出自《世说新语·假谲》。成语“望梅止渴”，比喻用空想安慰自己或他人。

Quenching Thirst by Watching Plums

Cao Cao of the Three Kingdoms period (220-265) was not only a capable politician in managing state affairs, but also a strategist good at leading troops in going to war.

One summer, Cao Cao was leading his troops in a punitive expedition against Zhang Xiu. It was extraordinarily hot. The burning sun was like a fire, and the sky was cloudless. The soldiers were walking on the winding mountain paths. The dense forest and the hot rocks exposed to the sun on both sides of the paths made the soldiers feel suffocated. By noontime the soldiers' clothes were wet through with sweat, and the marching speed slowed down. Some solders of weak physique even fainted on the roadside.

Seeing that the marching speed was slower and slower, Cao Cao was very worried because he feared that he might bungle the chance of winning the battle. But how could they quicken their speed? Cao Cao at once callde the guide and asked him on the quiet whether there was a source of water nearby. The guide shook his head, saying that the spring water was on the other side of the mountain, which was very far to have to make a detour to reach. Cao Cao realized that time didn't permit them to make such a detour. After thinking for a moment, he said to the guide, "Keep quiet. I'll find a way out." He knew that it would be to no avail to order his troops to quicken the steps. He had a brain wave and found a good solution. He spurred his horse and came to the head of the column. Pointing his horsewhip to the front, Cao Cao said, "Soldiers, I know there is a big forest of plums ahead. The plums there are both big and delicious. let's hurry along, and we will reach the forest of plums after bypassing this hill." When the solders heard this, they immediately slobbered. Picturing in their minds the sweet and sour flavour of the plums, the soldiers felt as if they were actually eating the plums, the soldiers felt as if they were actually eating the plums themselves. The morale greatly boosted, the soldiers quickened their steps a great deal automatically.

This story comes from "The Fake Tangery" in Anecdotes of This World by Liu Yiqing of the Southern Dynasties period (420-589). From this story, people have derived the set phrase "quenching thirst by watching plums" to refer to trying to comfort oneself of others by idle dreams.

4.后来居上

English

汲黯是西汉武帝时代人，以刚直正义、敢讲真话而受人尊重。他为人和做官都不拘小节，讲求实效。虽然表面上不那么轰轰烈烈，却能把一个郡治理得井井有条，因此，朝廷把他从东海太守调到朝廷当主爵都尉——一种主管地方吏任免的官职。

有一次，汉武帝说要实行儒家的仁义之政，为老百姓办好事了。没等皇帝把话说完，汲黯就说：“陛下内心里那么贪婪多欲，表面上却要装得实行仁政，这是何苦呢？”一句话把皇帝噎了回去。汉武帝登时脸色大变，宣布罢朝，满朝文武都为汲黯捏着一把汗，担心他会因此招来大祸。武帝回到宫里以后，对身边的人说，汲黯这个人也未免太粗太直了。

从此以后，汲黯的官职再也没有提升。他当主爵都尉的时候，公孙弘、张汤都还是不起眼的小官，后来，他们一个劲儿住上升，公孙弘当上了丞相，张汤做上了御史大夫，可他汲黯还蹲在原地没动窝。有一天，汲黯对武帝说，陛下使用群臣，跟码劈柴一样，是“后来者居上”啊！汉武帝当然听得出这是发牢骚。于是，转脸对臣下们说：“人真是不能不学习啊！你们听汲黯说话，越来越离谱了！”

故事出自《史记·汲郑列传》。成语“后来居上”，往往指后起的可以胜过先前的。和汲黯说这话的原意，大不相同。

The Latecomers Surpass the Old-timers

This set phrase is derived from the complaints Ji An made to the emperor.

Ji Anlived at the time of Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D.24). He was respected for being upright and just and for daring to speak the truth. He did not bother about amall matters in personal behaviour and in being an official. He was particular about actual effects and ,although he did not cause a stir ,he could keep the prefecture he governed in perfect order. Because of this. the imperial court transferred him to the central government from being the perfect of the Donghai Prefecture to being a commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officals.

Once,Emperor Wudi said that he would implement the policy of benevolence and justice of Confucianism and would do good turns to the people.Emperor Wudi Had hardly finished his remards when Ji An said that there was no need for the emperor to say so.Why should the emperor bother,Ji An said, about pretending to implement the policy of benevolence and justice since he was so greedy and avaricious within himself? This choked the emperor off. The emperor suddenly Changed his countenance and declared the meeting over. All the civilian and military officers at court were breathless with anxiety for fear that Ji An might bring disaster upon himself because of this. After returning, Emperor Wudi said to the people around him that Ji An was a little too rude and too straightforward.

For this reason ,Ji An was never promoted again. When he was the commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officials, both Gongsun Hong and Zhang Tang were low -ranking lfficials of little importance. Later ,they were promoted continuously. Gongsun Hong became the prime minister and Zhang Tang became the imperial censor. However, JiAn's post remained thesame. One day, Ji An said to Emperor Wudi that the way the emperor used his ministers was just like piling up firewood, which meant that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers. Of course, Emperor Wudi could see that Ji An was complaining. So,turning to his ministers, Emperor Wudi said, "It is true that no one can stop learning.You see, Ji An is making more and more indiscreet remarks."

This story comes from The Historical Records. Later generations use the set phrase "the latecomers surpass the old-timers " to indicate that successors can cxcel the predecessors, which is quite different from the original idea when Ji An said that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers.

5.指鹿为马

English

秦二世时，丞相赵高野心勃勃，日夜盘算着要篡夺皇位。可朝中大臣有多少人能听他摆布，有多少人反对他，他心中没底。于是，他想了一个办法，准备试一试自己的威信，同时也可以摸清敢于反对他的人。

一天上朝时，赵高让人牵来一只鹿，满脸堆笑地对秦二世说：“陛下，我献给您一匹好马。”秦二世一看，心想：这哪里是马，这分明是一只鹿嘛！便笑着对赵高说：“丞相搞错了，这里一只鹿，你怎么说是马呢？”赵高面不改色心不跳地说：“请陛下看清楚，这的确是一匹千里马。”秦二世又看了看那只鹿，将信将疑地说：“马的头上怎么会长角呢？”赵高一转身，用手指着众大臣，大声说：“陛下如果不信我的话，可以问问众位大臣。”

大臣们都被赵高的一派胡言搞得不知所措，私下里嘀咕：这个赵高搞什么名堂？是鹿是马这不是明摆着吗！当看到赵高脸上露出阴险的笑容，两只眼睛骨碌碌轮流地盯着赵高脸上露出阴险的笑容，两只眼睛骨碌碌轮流地盯着每个人的时候，大臣们忽然明白了他的用意。

一些胆小又有正义感的人都低下头，不敢说话，因为说假话，对不起自己的良心，说真话又怕日后被赵高所害。有些正直的人，坚持认为是说明书而不是马。还有一些平时就紧跟赵高的奸佞之人立刻表示拥护赵高的说法，对皇上说，“这确是一匹千里马！”

事后，赵高通过各种手段把那些不顺从自己的正直大臣纷纷治罪，甚至满门抄斩。

故事出自《史记·秦始皇本纪》。成语“指鹿为马”比喻故意颠倒是非，混淆黑白。

Calling a Stag a Horse

In the reign of Emperor the Second of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.), the prime minister Zhao Gao, obsessed with ambitions, was planning to usurp the throne day and night. But he did not know how many of the ministers in the court were allowed to be ordered about by him and how many of them were his opponents. So he thought out a way to test how high his prestige among the ministers was and also to find out who dared to oppose him. One day when court was held, Zhao Gao let someone bring a stag to the court and, with a broad smile on his face, he said to Emperor the Second of the Qin Dynasty:"Your Majesty, here is a fine horse I'm presenting to you." Looking at the animal, Emperor the Second thought that it was obviously a stag and that it couldn't be a horse. So he said smilingly to Zhao Gao:"Mister Prime Minister, you are wrong. This is a stay. Why do you say it is a horse?" Remaining calm, Zhao Gao said:"Will your Majesty please see more clearly? This really is a horse that covers a thousand li a day." Filled with suspicion, Emperor the Second looked at the stag again and said:"How can the antlers be grown on the head of a horse?" Turning around and pointing his finger at the ministers, Zhao Gao said in a loud voice:"if our Majesty do not believe me, you can ask the ministers." The nonsense of Zhao Gao made the ministers totally at a lose, and they whispered to themselves: What tricks was Zhao Gao playing? Was it not obvious whether it was a stag or a horse? But when they saw the sinister smile on Zhao Gao's face and his two rolling eyes which were gazing at each of them, they suddenly understood his evil intentions. Some of the ministers who were timid and yet had a sense of right eousness did not dare to say anything, because to tell lies would make their conscience uneasy and to tell the truth would mean that they would be persecuted by Zhao Gao later. Some ministers with a sense of justice persisted that it was a stag and not a horse. There were still some crafty and fawning ministers who followed Zhao Gao closely in ordinary times. They immediately voiced their support to Zhao Gao, saying to the emperor:"This really in a horse that covers a thousand li a day." After the event, Zhao Gao punished by various means those ministers with a sense of justice who were not obedient to him, even with whole families of some of those ministers executed. This story appears in "The Life of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty" in The Historical Records written by Sima Qian. From this story people have derived the set phrase "calling a stag a horse" to mean deliberately misrepresenting some thing and misleading the public.

一、战胜残疾的巴雷尼——坚持
巴雷尼小时候因病成了残疾，母亲的心就像刀绞一样，但她还是强忍住自己的悲痛。她想，孩子现在最需要的是鼓励和帮助，而不是妈妈的眼泪。母亲来到巴雷尼的病床前，拉着他的手说：“孩子，妈妈相信你是个有志气的人，希望你能用自己的双腿，在人生的道路上勇敢地走下去！好巴雷尼，你能够答应妈妈吗？”
母亲的话，像铁锤一样撞击着巴雷尼的心扉，他“哇”地一声，扑到母亲怀里大哭起来。
从那以后，妈妈只要一有空，就给巴雷尼练习走路，做体操，常常累得满头大汗。有一次妈妈得了重感冒，她想，做母亲的不仅要言传，还要身教。尽管发着高烧，她还是下床按计划帮助巴雷尼练习走路。黄豆般的汗水从妈妈脸上淌下来，她用干毛巾擦擦，咬紧牙，硬是帮巴雷尼完成了当天的锻炼计划。
体育锻炼弥补了由于残疾给巴雷尼带来的不便。母亲的榜样作用，更是深深教育了巴雷尼，他终于经受住了命运给他的严酷打击。他刻苦学习，学习成绩一直在班上名列前茅。最后，以优异的成绩考进了维也纳大学医学院。大学毕业后，巴雷尼以全部精力，致力于耳科神经学的研究。最后，终于登上了诺贝尔生理学和医学奖的领奖台。

二、曾子杀猪——守信
大家都知道大名鼎鼎的孔子，他是春秋时期著名的教育家，他的著作流传至今，在国内外都享有盛誉。孔子有许多学生，也都赫赫有名，而曾子就是其中之一。他和自己的老师一样，不仅知识渊博，而且颇有德行，是个言行一致、恪守信诺的人。
有一次，曾子的妻子要到集市上去买东西，曾子的小儿子贪玩好动，硬要跟妈妈一起去集市上玩。母亲不愿意带他一起去，孩子干脆坐在地上哇哇大哭起来。
曾子的妻子为了哄孩子不再哭闹，于是就和颜悦色地对孩子说：“乖孩子，别哭了，妈妈上集市回来之后就把咱家的猪杀了，煮肉给你吃。”孩子一听母亲说一会儿就能有肉吃，很听话地擦干眼泪，停止了哭泣，也不吵着闹着非要一起去了，高高兴兴地等着母亲从集市回来，炖猪肉给自己吃。
母子俩的话让曾子听见了。等妻子回来的时候，听见曾子正在霍霍地磨刀，妻子过去问他：“为什么要磨刀啊？”曾子说：“当然是杀猪给孩子煮肉吃。”妻子一听这话，笑了起来，她说：“我刚才是哄孩子的，为的是让他别再哭了，你还当真啊？这猪还这么小，怎能杀了呢？”
曾子听完之后非常认真地说：“不能和孩子随便开玩笑。孩子还小，没有分辨是非对错的能力，他会随时模仿父母的一言一行，听父母的教诲。现在你欺骗他，这就是教他撒谎，不重视允诺呀。将来他也会学着你的样子再去欺骗别人，这可不是教育子女的好办法啊。”

三、白求恩的故事——保护好奇心
白求恩还是小孩子的时候，个性非常倔强。他无法忍受传统常规的束缚，乐于发现新鲜的事物。他总是醉心于探索，追求行动上的探险。
有一次，白求恩居然被警察带回家，当时的他只有6岁。别瞧他年纪小，胆子可大得很。因为他喜欢四处漫游，居然从自己的家漫游到了多伦多市去探险，结果迷了路，幸好被警察发现，把他带回了家。
母亲问他：“你为什么要四处跑？”小白求恩不仅没有丝毫恐惧，反而兴奋地对妈妈说：“我想探索迷路的滋味，它果然很有趣。”妈妈听了，并没有责怪他，只是劝他以后出门，一定不要走那么远。
白求恩9岁那年，求知欲更是与日俱增，凡事都要亲自去探个究竟。一天下午，母亲闻到一股血腥味，她发现原来白求恩正蹲在楼顶非常认真地解剖一条牛腿，牛血弄得哪儿都是。“你在干什么呢？”母亲诧异地问。白求恩一边继续“工作”着，一边一本正经地回答：“我必须先把牛肉去掉，然后才能看到牛腿骨是什么样的，这是一个很好的标本。”
白求恩10岁的时候，看到父亲自由自在地横渡又深又宽的佐治亚海湾，心里十分羡慕，他也想下水探个究竟。第二天，他果真跳进海里，学父亲那样游泳。可是，当时他根本就不会游泳，不一会就往下沉。幸好被父亲及时发现，急忙把他从水里救起，才免遭一劫。看着儿子如此胆大妄为，父亲非常生气，狠狠训斥了他。而母亲比父亲更了解白求恩，她对父亲说：“应该让他探索他所感兴趣的一切，这是走向成功的必经之路。”

1.
我家门前有两家卖老豆腐的小店。一家叫“潘记”，另一家叫“张记”。两家店是同时开张的。刚开始，“潘记”生意十分兴隆，吃老豆腐的人得排队等候，来得晚就吃不上了。潘记的特点是：豆腐做得很结实，口感好，给的量特别大。相比之下，张记老豆腐就不一样了，首先是豆腐做得软，软得像汤汁，不成形状；其次是给的豆腐少，加的汤多，一碗老豆腐半碗多汤。因此，有一段时间，，张记的门前冷冷清清。有一天早上，因为我起床晚了，只好来到张记的豆腐店。吃完了一碗老豆腐，老板走过来，笑着问我豆腐怎么样。我实话实说：“味道还行，就是豆腐有点软。”老板笑了笑，竟有几分满意的样子。我说：“你怎么不学学潘记呢？”老板看着我说：“学他什么呀？”我说：“把豆腐做得结实一点呀！”老板反问我：“我为什么要学他呢？”沉思了一下，老板自我解释说：“我知道了，你是说，来我这边吃豆腐的人少，是吗？”我点点头。老板建议我两个月以后再来，看看是不是会有变化。

大概一个多月后，张记的门前居然真的排起了长队。我很好奇，也排队买了一碗，看看碗里的豆腐，仍然是稀稀的汤汁，和以前没什么两样，吃起来，也是从前的味道。老板脸上仍然挂着憨厚的笑，我也笑着问：“能告诉我这其中的秘诀吗？”老板说：“其实，我和潘记的老板是师兄弟。”我有些惊讶：“那你们做的豆腐不一样呀？”老板说：“是不一样。我师兄———潘记做的豆腐确实好，我真比不上；但我的豆腐汤是加入好几种骨头，再配上调料，再经过12个小时熬制而成，师兄在这方面就不如我了。”见我还有些不解，老板继续解释：“这是我师傅特意传授给我们的。师傅说，生意要想长远，就必须有自己的特长。师傅还告诉我们，‘吃’的生意最难做，因为众口难调，人的口味是不断变化的，即使是山珍海味，经常吃也会烦，因此师傅传给我们不同手艺。这样，人们吃腻了我师兄的豆腐，就会到我这里来喝汤。时间长了，人们还会回到我师兄那里。再过一段时间，人们又会来我这里。这样，我们师兄弟的生意就能比较长远地做下去，并且互不影响。”我试探地问：“你难道就不想跟师兄学做豆腐么？”老板却说：“师傅告诉我们，能做精一件事就不容易了。有时候，你想样样精，结果样样差。”张记老板的这番话，我以为除与老豆腐有关，与一个人的择业、一个人一辈子的坚守似乎都有些关联……

2
现在一般都认为中国古代的帝王总是自称“孤”、“寡”是他们为了表示天下唯我独尊，舍我其谁的“天子”的气势，其实这只是一个方面。《老子》认为，天没有清静恐怕就要破灭，地没有安宁恐怕就要倾覆，河谷没有满盈就可能干涸，而如果帝王不重视自己的高贵地位就要垮台。贵，必须要以“贱”为根本；高，必须以“下”为基础。这其实也是帝王自称为孤寡的原因之一。

根据《次柳氏旧闻》，曾经有这样一个有趣的故事：唐肃宗在当太子的时候有一天陪着唐玄宗一起进餐。餐桌上摆满了各种佳肴，其中有一盘羊腿，唐玄宗就让太子去割羊肉。太子割完羊肉后，见手上都是油污，便顺手拿起一张面饼擦手。唐玄宗眼睛直盯着他的脸，露出不高兴的神色。太子擦完手，慢慢地把饼送到嘴边，有滋有味地把饼吃掉了。这时唐玄宗转怒为喜，对太子说：“人就应该这样……”

唐玄宗贵为天子，却能爱惜粮食，是很不容易的。当他看到太子以面饼擦手时，就很恼火，以为太子是在糟蹋粮食；当又看到太子从容地将擦过手的面饼吃掉时，又转怒为喜，认为太子和自己一样，能“以贱为本”。

现代有很多领导，在走上领导岗位以前，总是兢兢业业，勤俭持家，对工作认真负责，对同事极为客气尊重，得到大家的一致好评；但当他自认为在领导的位置上坐稳以后，就慢慢开始体恤不到自己手下员工的疾苦，不能或者不愿真正地去了解他们的工作与生活，开始变得高高在上，大肆挥霍。在中国，自古以来官本位思想一直制约着很多人，这使人们在掌握了权力以后总会不知不觉从心里产生一种自满情绪，只看到前面的似锦前程，却忘了脚下铺路的碎石。

“水能载舟，亦能覆舟”，掌握权利之柄，更要重视底层民众，这也是管理好一个团队必须具有的素质和才能。

当一个人或一个企业认为他们很成功时，也正是他们“瓦匠吃中饭——走下坡路”的时候了。

3.
望梅止渴

English

有一年夏天，曹操率领部队去讨伐张绣，天气热得出奇，骄阳似火，天上一丝云彩也没有，部队在弯弯曲曲的山道上行走，两边密密的树木和被阳光晒得滚烫的山石，让人透不过气来。到了中午时分，士兵的衣服都湿透了，行军的速度也慢下来，有几个体弱的士兵竟晕倒在路边。

曹操看行军的速度越来越慢，担心贻误战机，心里很是着急。可是，眼下几万人马连水都喝不上，又怎么能加快速度呢？他立刻叫来向导，悄悄问他：“这附近可有水源？”向导摇摇头说：“泉水在山谷的那一边，要绕道过去还有很远的路程。”曹操想了一下说，“不行，时间来不及。”他看了看前边的树林，沉思了一会儿，对向导说：“你什么也别说，我来想办法。”他知道此刻即使下命令要求部队加快速度也无济于事。脑筋一转，办法来了，他一夹马肚子，快速赶到队伍前面，用马鞭指着前方说：“士兵们，我知道前面有一大片梅林，那里的梅子又大又好吃，我们快点赶路，绕过这个山丘就到梅林了！”士兵们一听，仿佛已经吃到嘴里，精神大振，步伐不由得加快了许多。

故事出自《世说新语·假谲》。成语“望梅止渴”，比喻用空想安慰自己或他人。

Quenching Thirst by Watching Plums

Cao Cao of the Three Kingdoms period (220-265) was not only a capable politician in managing state affairs, but also a strategist good at leading troops in going to war.

One summer, Cao Cao was leading his troops in a punitive expedition against Zhang Xiu. It was extraordinarily hot. The burning sun was like a fire, and the sky was cloudless. The soldiers were walking on the winding mountain paths. The dense forest and the hot rocks exposed to the sun on both sides of the paths made the soldiers feel suffocated. By noontime the soldiers' clothes were wet through with sweat, and the marching speed slowed down. Some solders of weak physique even fainted on the roadside.

Seeing that the marching speed was slower and slower, Cao Cao was very worried because he feared that he might bungle the chance of winning the battle. But how could they quicken their speed? Cao Cao at once callde the guide and asked him on the quiet whether there was a source of water nearby. The guide shook his head, saying that the spring water was on the other side of the mountain, which was very far to have to make a detour to reach. Cao Cao realized that time didn't permit them to make such a detour. After thinking for a moment, he said to the guide, "Keep quiet. I'll find a way out." He knew that it would be to no avail to order his troops to quicken the steps. He had a brain wave and found a good solution. He spurred his horse and came to the head of the column. Pointing his horsewhip to the front, Cao Cao said, "Soldiers, I know there is a big forest of plums ahead. The plums there are both big and delicious. let's hurry along, and we will reach the forest of plums after bypassing this hill." When the solders heard this, they immediately slobbered. Picturing in their minds the sweet and sour flavour of the plums, the soldiers felt as if they were actually eating the plums, the soldiers felt as if they were actually eating the plums themselves. The morale greatly boosted, the soldiers quickened their steps a great deal automatically.

This story comes from "The Fake Tangery" in Anecdotes of This World by Liu Yiqing of the Southern Dynasties period (420-589). From this story, people have derived the set phrase "quenching thirst by watching plums" to refer to trying to comfort oneself of others by idle dreams.

4.后来居上

English

汲黯是西汉武帝时代人，以刚直正义、敢讲真话而受人尊重。他为人和做官都不拘小节，讲求实效。虽然表面上不那么轰轰烈烈，却能把一个郡治理得井井有条，因此，朝廷把他从东海太守调到朝廷当主爵都尉——一种主管地方吏任免的官职。

有一次，汉武帝说要实行儒家的仁义之政，为老百姓办好事了。没等皇帝把话说完，汲黯就说：“陛下内心里那么贪婪多欲，表面上却要装得实行仁政，这是何苦呢？”一句话把皇帝噎了回去。汉武帝登时脸色大变，宣布罢朝，满朝文武都为汲黯捏着一把汗，担心他会因此招来大祸。武帝回到宫里以后，对身边的人说，汲黯这个人也未免太粗太直了。

从此以后，汲黯的官职再也没有提升。他当主爵都尉的时候，公孙弘、张汤都还是不起眼的小官，后来，他们一个劲儿住上升，公孙弘当上了丞相，张汤做上了御史大夫，可他汲黯还蹲在原地没动窝。有一天，汲黯对武帝说，陛下使用群臣，跟码劈柴一样，是“后来者居上”啊！汉武帝当然听得出这是发牢骚。于是，转脸对臣下们说：“人真是不能不学习啊！你们听汲黯说话，越来越离谱了！”

故事出自《史记·汲郑列传》。成语“后来居上”，往往指后起的可以胜过先前的。和汲黯说这话的原意，大不相同。

The Latecomers Surpass the Old-timers

This set phrase is derived from the complaints Ji An made to the emperor.

Ji Anlived at the time of Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-A.D.24). He was respected for being upright and just and for daring to speak the truth. He did not bother about amall matters in personal behaviour and in being an official. He was particular about actual effects and ,although he did not cause a stir ,he could keep the prefecture he governed in perfect order. Because of this. the imperial court transferred him to the central government from being the perfect of the Donghai Prefecture to being a commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officals.

Once,Emperor Wudi said that he would implement the policy of benevolence and justice of Confucianism and would do good turns to the people.Emperor Wudi Had hardly finished his remards when Ji An said that there was no need for the emperor to say so.Why should the emperor bother,Ji An said, about pretending to implement the policy of benevolence and justice since he was so greedy and avaricious within himself? This choked the emperor off. The emperor suddenly Changed his countenance and declared the meeting over. All the civilian and military officers at court were breathless with anxiety for fear that Ji An might bring disaster upon himself because of this. After returning, Emperor Wudi said to the people around him that Ji An was a little too rude and too straightforward.

For this reason ,Ji An was never promoted again. When he was the commander in charge of the appointment and dismissal of the local officials, both Gongsun Hong and Zhang Tang were low -ranking lfficials of little importance. Later ,they were promoted continuously. Gongsun Hong became the prime minister and Zhang Tang became the imperial censor. However, JiAn's post remained thesame. One day, Ji An said to Emperor Wudi that the way the emperor used his ministers was just like piling up firewood, which meant that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers. Of course, Emperor Wudi could see that Ji An was complaining. So,turning to his ministers, Emperor Wudi said, "It is true that no one can stop learning.You see, Ji An is making more and more indiscreet remarks."

This story comes from The Historical Records. Later generations use the set phrase "the latecomers surpass the old-timers " to indicate that successors can cxcel the predecessors, which is quite different from the original idea when Ji An said that the latecomers surpassed the old-timers.

5.指鹿为马

English

秦二世时，丞相赵高野心勃勃，日夜盘算着要篡夺皇位。可朝中大臣有多少人能听他摆布，有多少人反对他，他心中没底。于是，他想了一个办法，准备试一试自己的威信，同时也可以摸清敢于反对他的人。

一天上朝时，赵高让人牵来一只鹿，满脸堆笑地对秦二世说：“陛下，我献给您一匹好马。”秦二世一看，心想：这哪里是马，这分明是一只鹿嘛！便笑着对赵高说：“丞相搞错了，这里一只鹿，你怎么说是马呢？”赵高面不改色心不跳地说：“请陛下看清楚，这的确是一匹千里马。”秦二世又看了看那只鹿，将信将疑地说：“马的头上怎么会长角呢？”赵高一转身，用手指着众大臣，大声说：“陛下如果不信我的话，可以问问众位大臣。”

大臣们都被赵高的一派胡言搞得不知所措，私下里嘀咕：这个赵高搞什么名堂？是鹿是马这不是明摆着吗！当看到赵高脸上露出阴险的笑容，两只眼睛骨碌碌轮流地盯着赵高脸上露出阴险的笑容，两只眼睛骨碌碌轮流地盯着每个人的时候，大臣们忽然明白了他的用意。

一些胆小又有正义感的人都低下头，不敢说话，因为说假话，对不起自己的良心，说真话又怕日后被赵高所害。有些正直的人，坚持认为是说明书而不是马。还有一些平时就紧跟赵高的奸佞之人立刻表示拥护赵高的说法，对皇上说，“这确是一匹千里马！”

事后，赵高通过各种手段把那些不顺从自己的正直大臣纷纷治罪，甚至满门抄斩。

故事出自《史记·秦始皇本纪》。成语“指鹿为马”比喻故意颠倒是非，混淆黑白。

Calling a Stag a Horse

In the reign of Emperor the Second of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.), the prime minister Zhao Gao, obsessed with ambitions, was planning to usurp the throne day and night. But he did not know how many of the ministers in the court were allowed to be ordered about by him and how many of them were his opponents. So he thought out a way to test how high his prestige among the ministers was and also to find out who dared to oppose him. One day when court was held, Zhao Gao let someone bring a stag to the court and, with a broad smile on his face, he said to Emperor the Second of the Qin Dynasty:"Your Majesty, here is a fine horse I'm presenting to you." Looking at the animal, Emperor the Second thought that it was obviously a stag and that it couldn't be a horse. So he said smilingly to Zhao Gao:"Mister Prime Minister, you are wrong. This is a stay. Why do you say it is a horse?" Remaining calm, Zhao Gao said:"Will your Majesty please see more clearly? This really is a horse that covers a thousand li a day." Filled with suspicion, Emperor the Second looked at the stag again and said:"How can the antlers be grown on the head of a horse?" Turning around and pointing his finger at the ministers, Zhao Gao said in a loud voice:"if our Majesty do not believe me, you can ask the ministers." The nonsense of Zhao Gao made the ministers totally at a lose, and they whispered to themselves: What tricks was Zhao Gao playing? Was it not obvious whether it was a stag or a horse? But when they saw the sinister smile on Zhao Gao's face and his two rolling eyes which were gazing at each of them, they suddenly understood his evil intentions. Some of the ministers who were timid and yet had a sense of right eousness did not dare to say anything, because to tell lies would make their conscience uneasy and to tell the truth would mean that they would be persecuted by Zhao Gao later. Some ministers with a sense of justice persisted that it was a stag and not a horse. There were still some crafty and fawning ministers who followed Zhao Gao closely in ordinary times. They immediately voiced their support to Zhao Gao, saying to the emperor:"This really in a horse that covers a thousand li a day." After the event, Zhao Gao punished by various means those ministers with a sense of justice who were not obedient to him, even with whole families of some of those ministers executed. This story appears in "The Life of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty" in The Historical Records written by Sima Qian. From this story people have derived the set phrase "calling a stag a horse" to mean deliberately misrepresenting some thing and misleading the public.

拒绝掩饰:
林肯小时候一次不小心把父亲心爱的一把斧子给弄丢了,你亲砍木柴,急着要用找不到斧子便勃然大怒,样子十分吓人,但面对盛怒的父亲,林肯还是鼓起勇气小心的承认了斧子是自己丢的,这时父亲迟疑了一下,竟突然改变态度,一把抱起了小林肯,父亲为小林肯的诚实而感动.
林肯后来当上了总统,人们说他是一个诚实的总统.

我是"牛尾巴"上的毛
郭沫若和矛盾这两位大师经常在一起谈论文学.
一次,他俩畅怀交谈,后来把话题转移到鲁迅先生身上.
他们讲到鲁迅先生"?E

什么类型的故事都没说,怎么弄啊

是不是要排话剧呀？我们都是改编童话的。