长城宾馆怎么样:关于从句的基础问题请解答 10分

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）
定语从句是修饰名词的从句，起形容词的作用。定语从句一般由一个关系代词或关系副词引导，被修饰的名词称为先行词。定语从句一般要紧接在先行词后面。
定语从句就其与先行词的关系来说,可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
1、限制性定语从句限制或规定先行词的范围，和先行词有着不可分割的关系，对于全句的意义来说是不可缺少的。如果去掉定语从句，全句的意义就不明确、不完整。例如：
That is the man who gave us a report yesterday.
那位就是昨天给我们作报告的人。
1）引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which。关系代词代表先行词，同时又在从句中担任一种句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语或定语。关系代词的用法见下表：
（1）who代表人，在从句中作主语，如：
He give those books to the students who were interested.
（2）whom也代表人，在从句中作宾语，有时可以省略，如：
Many people (whom) we know are sports men.
有时也可以用who来代替whom，例如：
The worker (whom/who) you mentioned has not come.
在介词后，只能用whom, 不能省略，如：
The man to whom you spoke just now is a doctor.
比较下列句子：
The boy about whom you talked has gone home.
The boy (whom) you talked about has gone home.
（3）whose代表“某人或某物的”，在从句中作定语，如：
The woman whose bike was stolen is John’s mother.
This is a pretty flower whose name I don’t know.

（4）which代表物，在从句中可作主语；如：
We often use the ladder which is made of wood.
也可作宾语，当作宾语时，可以省略；如：
They like the trees (which) they planted.
但是在介词后，which不能省略，比较：
This is the book about which I told you last week.
This is the book (which) I told you about last week.
（5）that既可代表人，又可代表物，如：
The boys that sends newspapers is my brother.
The method that were taught to John were easy to learn.
that常常可以替代who, whom和which。如：
The man that told you the news will come here this afternoon.
He is the man (that) I saw in your room yesterday afternoon.
This is the book (that) I like best.
但是，在介词后不能用that；当先行词为 everybody, anybody, anyone等时要用who, 不用that; 当先行词前有形容词最高级或all, any, no, only, little, much等词时，或先行词本身为all, little, much, anything, something, nothing等词时，要用 that，不用which。如：
Is there anyone who can answer this question?
He is the tallest man that has ever lived here.
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
There is something important that you haven’t done.
2）引导限制性定语从句的关系副词有where, when。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于“介词+关系代词”。
（1）where修饰表示地点的名词，在从句中充当地点状语，意义上相当于一个介词加which (on which, in which等)，如：
This is the place where (= in which) I was born.
The office where (= in which) he works is on the second floor.
（2）when修饰表示时间的名词，在从句中充当时间状语，意义上相当于一个介词加which (on which, in which等)，如：
April is the month when (= in which) we have a lot of rain.
I will never forget the day when (= on which) I met her.

2、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是对意义明确或者独一无二的人或物作进一步的说明，与先行词只有比较松散的关系，如果去掉定语从句，主句仍然成立。在书面语言中，通常用逗号把从句和主句隔开。例如：
Beijing, which is in the north of China, is the heart of the country.
北京位于华北，是国家的心脏。